is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond to itself
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explain the qualitative trends of electronegativity in the periodic table
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use of relative electronegativity values to predict bond polarity in a covalent bond;
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relation of overall polarity of a molecule to its shape and the polarity of its individual bonds
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what is an instantaneous dipole-induced dipole?
when an instantaneous dipole induces a dipole disturbing the electron arrangement in the non polar species.
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explain dependence on branching and chain length of organic molecules and Mr)
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what is the weakest type of intermolecular bonding
instantaneous dipole-induced dipole
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what is permanent dipole-permanent dipole?
a permanent dipole is polar e.g hydrogen chloride. H-CL - H-CL, this is a permanent dipole-permanent dipole bond. stronger than instantaneous dipole-induced dipole bonding.
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describe the formation of hydrogen bonds
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hydrogen bonding in ice
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hydrogen bonding in water
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describe the boiling points of the halogens
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what is activation enthalpy
the minimum amount of kinetic energy needed between two particles before a reaction will occur
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what is an enthalpy profile
useful for picturing what energy changes are happening throughout the reaction, the highest point on the pathway corresponds to the transition state.
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The effect of concentration and pressure on the rate of a reaction explained in terms of the collision theory
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use of the concept of activation enthalpy and the Boltzmann distribution to explain the qualitative effect of temperature changes and catalysts on rate of reaction; techniques and procedures for experiments in reaction kinetics including plotting graphs to follow the course of a reaction
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the role of catalysts in providing alternative routes of lower activation enthalpy
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what is a homogenous catalyst
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describe the formation of intermediates
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calculations, from given data, of values for composition by volume of a component in a gas mixture measured in percentage concentration and in parts per million (ppm)