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Culture
The shared practices, beliefs, values, and artifacts of a group of people.
Cultural Traits
Specific features or elements that make up a culture, such as language, customs, and traditions.
Cultural Complex
A combination of various cultural traits that define a specific group.
Cultural Hearths
Regions where important cultural traits and ideas originate.
Diffuse
The process by which cultural elements spread from one area to others.
Taboos
Strongly prohibited actions or behaviors within a culture.
Traditional Culture
Cultural practices and beliefs that are passed down through generations.
Folk Culture
The traditional practices of a small, homogeneous, rural group.
Indigenous Culture
The unique culture of native peoples in a specific area.
Globalization
The increasing interconnectedness of cultures and economies around the world.
Popular Culture
Mainstream cultural practices and entertainment commonly enjoyed by the masses.
Global Culture
Cultures that have become widespread and accepted on an international scale.
Cultural Landscape
The visible imprint of human activity on the environment.
Artifacts
Objects made by humans that reflect cultural practices and beliefs.
Material Culture
Physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture.
Mentifacts
Ideas, values, and beliefs that are part of a culture.
Non-Material Culture
The intangible aspects of culture, such as values, beliefs, and traditions.
Sociofacts
Social structures and organizations that shape societal behavior.
Placelessness
The loss of unique cultural landscapes and identity in a globalized world.
Built Environment
Human-made structures and surroundings where people live and work.
Traditional Architecture
Building styles that are characteristic of a particular region or culture.
Post-Modern Architecture
Architectural style that emerged as a reaction against modernism, characterized by eclecticism.
Contemporary Architecture
Current architectural style, which emphasizes innovation and sustainability.
Ethnicity
A social group with a shared cultural heritage.
Ethnic Enclaves
Geographical areas where a specific ethnic group is concentrated.
Cultural Regions
Regions defined by shared cultural traits.
Cultural Realms
Large areas characterized by similar cultural traits but distinguished from others.
Sacred Place
Locations that hold spiritual significance within a culture.
Diaspora
The dispersion of people from their original homeland.
Charter Group
The dominant ethnic or cultural group that establishes a distinct culture in an area.
Ethnic Islands
Rural areas where a specific ethnic group is concentrated.
Sequent Occupancy
The idea that successive groups leave their cultural imprints on a place.
Neolocalism
The revival of local culture and identity in response to globalization.
Cultural Patterns
Recurring trends and themes in a culture's practices and behaviors.
Culture Hearth
The origin point of a culture.
Ethnicity
A classification based on shared cultural traits.
Nationality
The status of belonging to a particular nation, often associated with citizenship.
Centripetal Forces
Factors that promote unity and solidarity within a culture.
Centrifugal Forces
Elements that can fragment or divide a culture.
Sharia
Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith.
Blue Laws
Laws that restrict certain activities on Sundays for religious reasons.
Fundamentalism
A strict adherence to specific religious doctrines, often resisting modernism.
Theocracies
Governments in which religious leaders control political authority.
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
Cultural Relativism
The principle of understanding cultures on their own terms.
Cultural Appropriation
The adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture.
Diffusion
The process of cultural elements spreading from one society to another.
Relocation Diffusion
The spread of culture through the movement of people.
Expansion Diffusion
The spread of culture while remaining strong in its source location.
Contagious Diffusion
The rapid spread of cultural traits through direct contact.
Hierarchical Diffusion
A spread of culture from larger to smaller places, often through influential figures.
Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion
The spread of culture from smaller to larger places, often through grassroots movements.
Stimulus Diffusion
The spread of a cultural trait that is altered as it moves.
Imperialism
The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or force.
Colonialism
The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent territory.
Animism
The belief that objects and natural features possess a spiritual essence.
Native Speakers
Individuals who speak a language as their first language.
Lingua Franca
A common language used to facilitate communication between speakers of different native languages.
Slang
Informal language and expressions unique to particular groups.
Pidgin Language
A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between speakers of different languages.
Creole Language
A stable, fully developed language that arises from a mixture of different languages.
Social Constructs
Concepts or perceptions created and developed by society.
Time-Space Convergence
The phenomenon where advancements in technology reduce the time it takes to reach places.
Cultural Convergence
The process where cultures become more alike through interaction and sharing.
Cultural Divergence
The process by which cultures become more distinct or separate from one another.
Language Tree
A visual representation of the relationships and evolution of different languages.
Indo-European Language Family
A large group of languages that includes English, Spanish, and Hindi, among others.
Romance Languages
Languages that derived from Latin, including French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian.
Isoglosses
Boundaries that separate regions based on different linguistic features.
Dialects
Regional variations of a language that differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.
Adages
Old sayings or proverbs that express a common truth or observation.
Toponyms
Place names that reflect the geography, culture, or history of an area.
Official Language
A language recognized by a country as the language of government and official communication.
Homogeneous
Composed of parts or elements that are all of the same kind.
Adherents
Individuals who follow or support a particular religion or belief system.
Ethnic Religions
Religions that are closely associated with a specific ethnic group and culture.
Universal Religions
Religions that seek to appeal to all people, regardless of culture or nationality.
Hinduism
One of the world's oldest religions, characterized by a variety of beliefs and practices.
Polytheistic
Believing in or worshiping multiple gods.
Monotheistic
Believing in or worshiping a single god.
Karma
The belief that actions have consequences that affect one's future.
Caste System
A social stratification system in India, dividing people into hierarchical groups.
Buddhism
A religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, emphasizing the path to enlightenment.
Sikhism
A monotheistic religion founded in the 15th century in the Punjab region of India.
Gurdwara
A place of worship for Sikhs.
Judaism
One of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, rooted in the covenant made between God and the Hebrew people.
Christianity
A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Islam
A monotheistic religion founded on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.
Pilgrimage
A journey to a sacred place for religious reasons.
Homogenization
The process of making things uniform or similar.
Acculturation
The process of cultural change and adaptation resulting from contact between cultures.
Assimilation
The process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture of another group.
Syncretism
The blending of different religious or cultural beliefs into a new system.
Globalization
The process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries and cultures.
Multi-Culturalism
The coexistence of diverse cultures and cultures' contributions to society.
Nativist
An ideology that favors the interests of native inhabitants over those of immigrants.
Linguists
Experts or specialists in the study of language and its structure.
