AP HUG Unit 3 - Quiz 2 and 3 Vocabulary (11-15-24 and 11-22-24)

Culture

The shared practices, beliefs, values, and artifacts of a group of people.

Cultural Traits

Specific features or elements that make up a culture, such as language, customs, and traditions.

Cultural Complex

A combination of various cultural traits that define a specific group.

Cultural Hearths

Regions where important cultural traits and ideas originate.

Diffuse

The process by which cultural elements spread from one area to others.

Taboos

Strongly prohibited actions or behaviors within a culture.

Traditional Culture

Cultural practices and beliefs that are passed down through generations.

Folk Culture

The traditional practices of a small, homogeneous, rural group.

Indigenous Culture

The unique culture of native peoples in a specific area.

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of cultures and economies around the world.

Popular Culture

Mainstream cultural practices and entertainment commonly enjoyed by the masses.

Global Culture

Cultures that have become widespread and accepted on an international scale.

Cultural Landscape

The visible imprint of human activity on the environment.

Artifacts

Objects made by humans that reflect cultural practices and beliefs.

Material Culture

Physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture.

Mentifacts

Ideas, values, and beliefs that are part of a culture.

Non-Material Culture

The intangible aspects of culture, such as values, beliefs, and traditions.

Sociofacts

Social structures and organizations that shape societal behavior.

Placelessness

The loss of unique cultural landscapes and identity in a globalized world.

Built Environment

Human-made structures and surroundings where people live and work.

Traditional Architecture

Building styles that are characteristic of a particular region or culture.

Post-Modern Architecture

Architectural style that emerged as a reaction against modernism, characterized by eclecticism.

Contemporary Architecture

Current architectural style, which emphasizes innovation and sustainability.

Ethnicity

A social group with a shared cultural heritage.

Ethnic Enclaves

Geographical areas where a specific ethnic group is concentrated.

Cultural Regions

Regions defined by shared cultural traits.

Cultural Realms

Large areas characterized by similar cultural traits but distinguished from others.

Sacred Place

Locations that hold spiritual significance within a culture.

Diaspora

The dispersion of people from their original homeland.

Charter Group

The dominant ethnic or cultural group that establishes a distinct culture in an area.

Ethnic Islands

Rural areas where a specific ethnic group is concentrated.

Sequent Occupancy

The idea that successive groups leave their cultural imprints on a place.

Neolocalism

The revival of local culture and identity in response to globalization.

Cultural Patterns

Recurring trends and themes in a culture's practices and behaviors.

Culture Hearth

The origin point of a culture.

Ethnicity

A classification based on shared cultural traits.

Nationality

The status of belonging to a particular nation, often associated with citizenship.

Centripetal Forces

Factors that promote unity and solidarity within a culture.

Centrifugal Forces

Elements that can fragment or divide a culture.

Sharia

Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith.

Blue Laws

Laws that restrict certain activities on Sundays for religious reasons.

Fundamentalism

A strict adherence to specific religious doctrines, often resisting modernism.

Theocracies

Governments in which religious leaders control political authority.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.

Cultural Relativism

The principle of understanding cultures on their own terms.

Cultural Appropriation

The adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture.

Diffusion

The process of cultural elements spreading from one society to another.

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of culture through the movement of people.

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of culture while remaining strong in its source location.

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid spread of cultural traits through direct contact.

Hierarchical Diffusion

A spread of culture from larger to smaller places, often through influential figures.

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

The spread of culture from smaller to larger places, often through grassroots movements.

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait that is altered as it moves.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or force.

Colonialism

The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent territory.

Animism

The belief that objects and natural features possess a spiritual essence.

Native Speakers

Individuals who speak a language as their first language.

Lingua Franca

A common language used to facilitate communication between speakers of different native languages.

Slang

Informal language and expressions unique to particular groups.

Pidgin Language

A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between speakers of different languages.

Creole Language

A stable, fully developed language that arises from a mixture of different languages.

Social Constructs

Concepts or perceptions created and developed by society.

Time-Space Convergence

The phenomenon where advancements in technology reduce the time it takes to reach places.

Cultural Convergence

The process where cultures become more alike through interaction and sharing.

Cultural Divergence

The process by which cultures become more distinct or separate from one another.

Language Tree

A visual representation of the relationships and evolution of different languages.

Indo-European Language Family

A large group of languages that includes English, Spanish, and Hindi, among others.

Romance Languages

Languages that derived from Latin, including French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian.

Isoglosses

Boundaries that separate regions based on different linguistic features.

Dialects

Regional variations of a language that differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.

Adages

Old sayings or proverbs that express a common truth or observation.

Toponyms

Place names that reflect the geography, culture, or history of an area.

Official Language

A language recognized by a country as the language of government and official communication.

Homogeneous

Composed of parts or elements that are all of the same kind.

Adherents

Individuals who follow or support a particular religion or belief system.

Ethnic Religions

Religions that are closely associated with a specific ethnic group and culture.

Universal Religions

Religions that seek to appeal to all people, regardless of culture or nationality.

Hinduism

One of the world's oldest religions, characterized by a variety of beliefs and practices.

Polytheistic

Believing in or worshiping multiple gods.

Monotheistic

Believing in or worshiping a single god.

Karma

The belief that actions have consequences that affect one's future.

Caste System

A social stratification system in India, dividing people into hierarchical groups.

Buddhism

A religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, emphasizing the path to enlightenment.

Sikhism

A monotheistic religion founded in the 15th century in the Punjab region of India.

Gurdwara

A place of worship for Sikhs.

Judaism

One of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, rooted in the covenant made between God and the Hebrew people.

Christianity

A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

Islam

A monotheistic religion founded on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.

Pilgrimage

A journey to a sacred place for religious reasons.

Homogenization

The process of making things uniform or similar.

Acculturation

The process of cultural change and adaptation resulting from contact between cultures.

Assimilation

The process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture of another group.

Syncretism

The blending of different religious or cultural beliefs into a new system.

Globalization

The process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries and cultures.

Multi-Culturalism

The coexistence of diverse cultures and cultures' contributions to society.

Nativist

An ideology that favors the interests of native inhabitants over those of immigrants.

Linguists

Experts or specialists in the study of language and its structure.