CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) FC0U61

Decimal

Base 10.

0-9.

How humans usually count/read.

Example: 1 or 32 or 56.

Binary

Base 2.

0 or 1.

How computers count/read.

Examples: 0 or 10 or 1001.

Hexadecimal

Base 16.

0-9 and A-F.

Used in memory addresses, color codes, and MAC addresses.

Examples: 26 or 2A or 49F or BB.

What are the 3 types of Numbering Systems?

Decimal.

Binary.

Hexadecimal.

What are the 2 well known Data Representation Systems?

ASCII and Unicode

ASCII

Is a data representation system called ASCII short for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

128 Characters.

7 bit or 8 bit for extended encoding.

Unicode

Is a data representation system that includes ASCII.

Standard that represents letters of English, Arabic, Greek (and many more languages), mathematical symbols, historical scripts.

Boolean

A single value of either TRUE or FALSE

Basics of Computing and Processing.

input.

processing.

output.

storage.

Value of Data and Processing

Data and Processing are necessary for Digital products and Data-driven business decisions.

Digital products

e-books, downloadable music, internet radio, internet television and streaming etc...

Data-driven business decisions

Using facts, metrics and data to guide strategic business decisions that align with your goals, and initiatives.

Data capture and collection.

Data correlation.

Meaningful reporting.

intellectual property

Trademarks, Copyrights and Patents.

Trademark

Protects names, short slogans, or logos. Generally valid for 10 years and can be renewed every 10 years.

Copyright

Protects original works, such as art, literature or other created works. Generally valid for the years of the life of the author plus 80-100 years.

Patent

Protects new inventions, process and compositions of matter(such as medicines). Generally valid for 20 years.

Storage units

Bit(b).

Byte(B).

KB.

MB.

GB.

TB.

PB.

Bit

A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.

Byte

8 bits in every Byte

Kilobyte(KB)

1000 Bytes

Megabyte(MB)

1000 Kilobytes

Gigabyte(GB)

1000 Megabytes

Terabyte (TB)

1000 Gigabyte

Petabyte(PB)

1000 Terabytes

Throughput unit

How fast data travels.

bps

Bit per second.

Kbps

Kilobits per second.

Mbps

Megabits per second.

Gbps

Gigabits per second.

Tbps

Terabits per second.

Processing Speed

Frequency of electrical cycles per second. Measured in Hertz.

Mega Hertz (MHz)

Is a million electrical cycles per second.

Giga Hertz (GHz)

Is a billion electrical cycles per second or a thousand Mega Hertz.

Troubleshooting Methodology

1. Identify the problem.

2. Research knowledge base/ Internet if applicable.

3. Establish a theory of probable cause.

4. Test the theory to determine the cause.

5. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and identify potential effects.

6. Implement the solution or escalate as necessary.

7. Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventive measures.

9. Document findings/lessons learned, actions, and outcomes.

Troubleshooting methodology: 1. identify the problem.

Gather information.

Duplicate the problem, if possible.

Question users.

Identify symptoms.

Determine if anything has changed.

Approach multiple problems individually.

Troubleshooting methodology: 3 Establish a theory of probable cause.

Question the obvious.

Consider multiple approaches - Divide and conquer.

Troubleshooting methodology: 4 Test the theory to determine the cause.

Once the theory is confirmed(confirmed root cause), determine the next steps to resolve the problem.

If the theory is not confirmed establish a new theory or escalate.

Basic Networks

Wired(more predictable and reliable) and Wireless.

Basic wired network examples

Telephone connector (RJ-11) physically smaller than an Ethernet connector still widely used for DSL(Digital Subscriber Line) internet especially in rural areas .

Ethernet connector (RJ-45) usually used in data networking.

Basic wireless network examples

Bluetooth used for headphones, mouse which works 30ft or 9m away and widely used.

NFC(near field communication) used in mobile payments or payment with credit cards, needs to be within 10cm.

Peripheral devices

USB (Universal Serial Bus)

FireWire, Thunderbolt

Bluetooth

RF(Radio Frequency)

Graphic devices

VGA (Video Graphics Array)

HDMI (High Definition Media Interface)

DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

DP (Display Port)

MDP (Mini Display Port)

Other Devices

Printer (USB, [old] Parallel port)

Scanner - scans documents to create digital copy (USB)

keyboard (USB, Bluetooth, Infrared ,[old]PS2 connector)

Mouse (USB .[old]PS2 connector)

Camera (USB)

External hard drive (USB)

Speakers (USB, Speaker audio cable)

Display (HDMI,DVI,VGA,MDP,DP)

Installation Types

Plug-and-play vs Driver(software that tells the computer how to use the device corrrectly) installation and their required steps.

IP based peripherals.(are configured by connecting them to a network and assigning them an IP address)

Web-based configuration steps( involves accessing a device's settings through a web browser using its IP address. )

When doing Driver Based Installation

Should get driver from the manufacturer with the latest version.

IP based peripherals

Device that needed to be connected through the web interface.