DAT 116- Introduction into Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

oral surgery, DAT 116, Pre-Clinical Procedures 2, oral surgery instruments, dental instruments, oral and maxillofacial surgery

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Branch of dentistry that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of diseased (dz), injuries and malformations

Endodontics

extraction of teeth

Indication for oral surgery

includes extractions of decayed, impacted and non-vital teeth.

pre-prosthesis preparation of alveolar ridge and placement of dental prosthetics.

removal of root fragments, cysts, and tumors.

Biopsy

reconstructive surgery.

Contradictions of oral surgery

conditions that prevent safe surgical procedures, such as uncontrolled systemic diseases, infections, or patient non-compliance. bleeding and clotting disorders, uncontrolled diabetes, local and systemic reactions, medications that affect healing.

Knowledge surgical assistant must posses

patient assessment and monitoring. specialized instruments. surgical asepsis. surgical procedures. pain control management.

paresthesia

numbness

Why is preparation critical for success in surgery?

• Organized Workflow:
• Prepares the team to handle procedures smoothly.
• Patient Safety:
• Addresses risks like medical conditions or allergies.
• Infection Control:
• Ensures sterile environment, reducing postoperative complications.
• Emergency Readiness:
• Anticipates potential complications with equipment and knowledge.

Panoramic

Type of radiograph that is used to aid in 3rd molar extraction

Alveoplasty

A surgical procedure that reshapes the alveolar bone to prepare for dentures or other dental work. The alveolar bone is trimmed and smoothed.

Trifurcated

This term describes a maxillary first of second molar root (3 roots)

Periapical

Type of radiograph that is often used when a patient has a dental emergency.

Straight elevator

this elevator loosens the tooth from the bony socket

Silk

this type of sutures is nonabsorbable

Periosteal elevator

this elevator detaches tissue from the tooth or bone

Bone file

this surgical instrument smooths rough edges of alveolar bone, used after the rongeur

Strips

these are used with a medicated paste to provide relief for a patient experiencing a dry socket

Mead (#3)

these forceps are used to extract mandibular anterior teeth and resemble a bird beak

Critical

instrument category of all surgical instruments

Rongeur

this instrument is used to cut and contour bone, and to trim sharp edges

Hemostats

used to grasp tissue and bone fragments

Scissors

this item can be used to trim tissue or aid in suture removal

Surgical Curette

this instrument is used to remove debris and stimulate bleeding in socket

Mallet

used with the bone chisel to section teeth

Eugenol

the ingredient in dry socket paste that provides pain relief for a patient

Suture

this item can be used to stitch tissue together after an extraction

Gel foam

this absorbable item is used to treat alveolitis

Consent

these forms addressing procedural risks must be signed before treatment begins

Bifurcated

this term describes a mandibular first or second molar root (2 roots)

Biopsy

this procedure is completed when tissue is cut and sent to a lab to be looked at beneath a microscope

Forceps

these instruments are used to hold and grasp teeth for removal

Scalpel

single use item used to cut tissue

Multiple extractions

indicated for a patient who is getting a partial or denture.

Pericoronitis

infection in partially erupted molar

Cyst

sac filled with air, fluid and other materials

Tumor

abnormal mass of tissue (normally hardened)

Risks of surgical extractions

paresthesia

dry socket

bleeding

Types of anesthesia

local

general

IV

Alveolitis (Dry socket)

The most common post-surgical complication.

Palliative

Make patient comfortable

How many days after the surgery should the patient return to check the site?

5-7 days

How does the patient control swelling in the first 24 hours?

Cold pack

How does the patient control swelling 24 hours after operation?

Moist heat

How often should patient be instructed to change gauze?

20 - 30 minutes

You!!!

Who is going to ace this test?

Incisal Biopsy

Removal of a representative sample of lesion and normal adjacent tissue to make a diagnosis

Excisional Biopsy

Aimed at the complete surgical removal of the lesion for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. (Elective)

Exfoliative Biopsy

Cells are scraped from a sus oral lesion for analysis.

Surgical scrub equipment

Orange stick, antibacterial soap, sterile surgical scrub brush, sterile disposable towels

Warm

____ water makes antiseptics and soap work more effectively and should be used for surgical scrub.

Above your head

You should always keep your hands _____ after rinsing hands for oral surgery.

How long should you scrub your hands and forearms when scrubbing for oral surgery?

3-4 minutes

3-4 minutes

Hands should be washed ______ without using a brush after rinsing with warm water.