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According to the parliamentary records, when did HVII's reign begin?
21st August 1485
When was the Battle of Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
Who joined HVII at the Battle of Bosworth, giving him 4000 extra troops and tipping the balance in his favour?
William Stanley
How many men did HVII have in his army at Bosworth?
5000
How many knighthoods did HVII confer?
11
Who did HVII immediately detain when he gained the throne and why?
Elizabeth of York and the Earl of Warwick because they had legitimate claims to the throne and could spearhead a Yorkist rebellion
How did HVII unite the houses of York and Lancaster?
By marrying Elizabeth of York and creating the Tudor rose
What was HVII granted for life in his first parliament?
Customs of tonnage and poundage
When was HVII coronated and why was it before his first parliament?
30th October and to show his right to rule came from God not parliament
When was HVII's first parliament?
7th November 1485
When did HVII marry Elizabeth of York?
January 1486
When was the first uprising against HVII and by who?
Viscount Lovell and Humphrey Stafford in 1486
Why did the Lovell and Stafford uprising fail?
They couldn't attract enough support, even in Yorkshire
What was the significance of the failure of the Lovell and Stafford uprising?
Yorkists realised they needed a figurehead and money. It showed there was little support for a Yorkist uprising
Who did Lambert Simnel pretend to be?
Earl of Warwick
Who orchestrated the Simnel uprising?
Earl of Lincoln, John De La Pole
When was Simnel crowned as King of Ireland?
May 1487
How did HVII initially respond to the Simnel uprising?
He exhibited the real Earl of Warwick in London
Who backed and funded the Simnel uprising?
Margaret of Burgundy
How did HVII neutralise Yorkist support for Simnel in the north?
By reappointing Howard as the Earl of Northumberland, a strong Yorkist supporter
When was the Battle of Stoke Field?
June 1487
Why did the Simnel army (+ mercenaries) not have as many people as they thought they would?
They failed to gain significant support in Yorkshire
How many men did HVII have at the Battle of Stoke Field?
12,000
What happened to the Earl of Lincoln and Simnel after the Battle of Stoke Field?
Lincoln was killed and Simnel was given a job at court
Who did Perkin Warbeck pretend to be?
Richard, Duke of York (one of the princes in the tower)
When and where did Warbeck begin pretending to be the Duke of York?
1491 in Ireland
When did Warbeck gain support from Margaret of Burgundy?
1492
How did Margaret of Burgundy support Warbeck?
She trained him as a Prince and funded mercenaries
When did Warbeck first try to invade England?
1495
Who was found to be colluding with Warbeck in 1495?
Sir William Stanley
Where did Warbeck go after his failed 1495 invasion?
Scotland
Who was Warbeck engaged to in Scotland?
The King's cousin, Lady Gordon
When did Warbeck try to invade England from Scotland?
1496
What did HVII exchange with James IV for him to give up Warbeck?
Marriage with his daughter Margaret
How and when did HVII force Margaret of Burgundy to give up Warbeck?
1493 Trade Embargo
What did Warbeck try to exploit to gain the throne?
Cornish rebellion
When was Warbeck executed and with whom?
1499 with the Earl of Warwick
Which two brothers posed a threat to the throne but never acted on their claim?
Edmund and Richard De La Pole
How many Great Councils were called under HVII?
5
Give an example of powerful clergymen within the King's council
John Morton or Richard Fox
Give an example of powerful nobles within the King's council
Jasper Tudor or Sir William Stanley
Give an example of powerful gentrymen within the King's council
Edmund Dudley or Richard Empson
What did HVII use to financially control people?
Bonds and recognisances
How much did the Marquis of Dorset and friends have to put up for his bonds?
£10,000
How did HVII use his feudal rights?
To gain money by charging people for wardships, marriages, livery, relief etc.
What did Lords and Nobles have to swear not to do in parliament in 1485?
Retain illegally
How much did crown land increase by under HVII?
5 times
When was the Act of resumption passed?
1486
What was the Act of Resumption?
It returned to the Crown all lands which had been given away since 1455
How much was the income from Crown lands at the beginning of HVII reign?
£12,000 a year
After 1492, how were crown lands administered?
Through the Chamber
Before the establishment of the Chamber, what inefficient system was used to collect income?
Court of Exchequer
By the end of HVII's reign, what was the income from crown lands?
£42,000 a year
Who developed the Council Learned?
Sir Reginald Bray
What did the Council Learned do?
Maintained HVII's revenue and exploited his prerogative rights
Why was the Council Learned so unpopular?
It created the bonds and recognisances and there was no appeal against it
When and why did HVII switch to the Privy Chamber?
1495 after the betrayal of William Stanley
How many parliaments were called under HVII?
7
When were the 2 navigation acts under HVII?
1485 and 1489
How much did HVII gain from the Treaty of Etaples?
£5000 a year
When was the Treaty of Etaples?
1492
When was the Intercursus Magnus?
1496
When was the Intercursus Malus?
1506
What was the pattern with HVII calling parliament?
He called them 5 times in the first 10 years and then twice in the following 14 years, showing he relied on them less as his reign developed
When was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace?
1502
What percentage of English exports was the Cloth trade responsible for?
90%
By what percentage did the volume of cloth exports increase under HVII?
60%
What prevented the Merchant Adventurers from dominating International trade?
The Hanseatic League
What percentage of the English population lived in towns and cities?
10%
What is the evidence for positive living standards under HVII?
Peasants were the most well off under HVII than any other Tudor monarch
How many nobles were there under HVII?
50-60
How many members of the gentry were there under HVII?
6300
How many commoners were there under HVII?
More than 2 million
When did HVII legislate against illegal retaining?
1487
Why was bastard feudalism sometimes useful for HVII?
It meant he had readily available armies for threats such as Perkin Warbeck
Where was livestock farming most prominent?
North West inc. Wales
Where was mixed crop and livestock farming taking place?
The south and east of the country
What was the growth of sheep farming causing?
Enclosure issues
How many Acts of Attainder were issued under HVII and how many were then reversed?
147, 53 reversed
When was the Cornish Rebellion?
1497
What caused the Cornish Rebellion?
Resentment of taxation for the Scottish War
How many people were involved in the Cornish rebellion?
15,000
How far did the Cornish Rebellion reach before it was stopped?
Blackheath
Who stopped the Cornish rebellion and why was this significant?
Lord Daubeney who had to be relocated from Scotland, forcing HVII to settle with James IV instead of invading.
Who was executed after the Cornish Rebellion?
Lord Audley
When was the Yorkshire Rebellion?
1489
What caused the Yorkshire Rebellion?
Resentment of taxation for the Battle of Stoke Field
Who was murdered during the Yorkshire Rebellion?
Earl of Northumberland
Why was the Earl of Northumberland murdered?
He was abandoned by his retainers as punishment for abandoning Richard III at Bosworth
When did HVII reinforce the dominance of the Hanseatic League?
1504
How many members of the nobility were principle subjects of bonds?
16/40
How much was earned from feudal dues in 1487?
£530
How much was earned from feudal dues in 1507?
£6,000
How much was the annual income under HVII?
£115,000
How much was left by the end of the reign?
£10,000 cash and £30,000 jewels
How much was given in parliamentary grants of extraordinary revenue?
£400,000
How much did the convocation of the clergy give HVII for the war in France?
£25,000
How much did HVII spend between 1495 and the end of his reign?
£500,000
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Flashcard (21)