week 4 computer software

computer software

general term for various kinds of programs used to operate computers and realated devices

computer software

translates instructions created in human language into machine language

computer software

packaged or stored software is needed to make the computer an economic work tool

Augusta Ada Byron (1815-1852)

*Countess of LOVELACE

*mathematician who described the concept of a stored computer program

*loop concept

*first programmer in computer history

loop concept

use of automati repretitious arithmetic steps that the analytical engine would allow to solve a problem

charles babbage (1792-1871)

invented but never build a device that he named the analytical machine

*it could perform mathematical function and instructions communicated machine

john von neumann (1903 - 1957)

*proposed that both data and instructions could be stored in the computer and that the instructions could be automatically carried out

*stored program concept was subsequently implemented as a major concept in the evolution of the computer

august 2 1790

1860

*americas founders decreed that a census be taken every 10 years and the first census was done

*found out that manual method of processing census were inadequate

joseph jacquard

*a weaver from france and invented the jacquard loom

jacquard loom

a device that uses blokcs of wood with holes drilled such a way that the threads to be woven into cloth could form a program to the loom

herman hollerith (1860 - 1929)

*used jacquards ideas but developed a machine that could read punched cards and tabulate the result

*(1884) patented his machine and punched card system

*formed a company called “TABULATING MACHINE” and was soon bcame “ International Business Machine or IBM”

1948

mid 1980s

*IBM discontinued selling its punches thus, stopped the promotion of the punched-card method of entering programs and data in computers

*keypunch machines and punched card readers were withdrawn from the computer

rear admiral grace murray

*mother of computing

*worked with the first digital (mark 1 and mainframe computers Mark II ) developed many concepts and mathematical foundations of computer programming science

*debugging - checking the program to ensure that the computer is free of error

*recognized that obscure assembly and machine-like programming languages limited access to the computer and therefore the utility of the machines

*her work formed the foundataion for the first truly english-like language Common Business Oriented Language COBOL

*had an early vision of computers working independently and together so that more could be accomplished.

debugging

checking the program to ensure that the computer is free of error

Basic I/O system

OS

OS - DOS

OS - GUI

Utility Program

System Software Types

system software

• a program that manages and supports the computer resources and operations of a computer system while it executes various tasks such as processing data and information, controlling hardware components, and allowing users to use application software

Basic I/O system

considered the first level of system control since it searches the OS in the hard drive and loads it in the RAM as the computer is turned on.

Consists of instructions permanently burned onto a computer chip

OS

responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer

acts as a host for applications that are run on the machine of the hardware

Handled the details of the application programs from managing these details and makes it easier to write applications

OS -DOS

a medium through which the user external devices attached to the system communicate with the system

translate the command issued by the user in the format that is understandable by the computer and —-

Also translates the results and any error message in the format for the user to understand

OS - GUI

A program that enables a person to communicate with a computer through the use of symbols, visual metaphors, and pointing devices

replaced the arcane and difficult textual interfaces of earlier computing with a relatively intuitive system that has made computer operation not only easier to learn but more pleasant and natural

Is now the standard computer interface, and its components have become unmistakable cultural artifacts

Utility Program

Designed to enhance the functions of the OS to add facilities that the basic OS does not offer

Inclued programs that provide algorithms (formulae) for efficienlt sorting a large set of numbers or character-based items, copying files or parts of files, security programs, and the like

LAnguage translation Utilities, www and web browsers

application software

programs that specify the information processing required activities.

Word processing software

writing tasks such as keying erport letters, tables, in well as documents, revising, merging, copying, editing, printing and availability of font styles and sizes to make the document attractive can be performed easily

Documentation sheet software/spreadsheet software

permits performance of an almost endless variety of budgeting

Presentatin software

organizes a slide show for an audience including test, graphics, sound, and movies

Standard office software

most common software packages sold with computers

includes; word spreadsheet processing, presentation et, and database system management programs nt open Office, Free Office, Microsoft Office, Suites

3D Computer Graphics Software

Programs used to create 3D generated Computer Image

SketchUp, Blender

Animation Software

Used for generating animated images by using computer graphics.

Hospital information System HIS

Chat Rooms

Social Network

Electronic Bulletin

Reference Softwares

Common Software Used In Nursing Practice

Hospital Information System HIS

Admission, Discharge and Transfer (ADT) systems that help with patient tracking and Medication Administration Record (MAR) Software

CHARTING SOFTWARE that computerizes at least some parts of the nursing record.

COMPUTERIZED PATIENT ACUITY SYSTEM - used to help with nurse staff allocation

HOSPITAL E-MAIL SYSTEM - used for hospital communications

CHAT ROOMS

Electronic conference calls where multiple users can send and receive messages at the same time.

SYCHRONUS

Social network

refers to any number of web addresses designed to create online communites that are focused aroung common interest, goals, or simply away

Electronic bulletin

an early form of computer conferencing but may be called discussion boards or electronic forums where users can post messages at the time of their convenience

ASYNNCHRONUS

Drug Guides

Medical

Dictionaries

Consult Guides

Reference Softwares

PROGRAM

result of expressing the algorithm in a programming language

organized instruction sets

algorithm

set of instructions and the order in which they have to be performed

sequence and steps

programming

the process of writing an algorith using programming language

programmer

the person writing the set of instructions using programming languages

program

algorithm

programming

programmer

basic computer programming terminologies

high level procedural language

requires the programmer tto specify both what the computer is to do and the procedure fro how to do it

far more english-like language

a single comma or letter out of place will cause the program to crash

the style and sequence of a language are called its SYNTAX

SYNTAX

the style and sequence of a language are called it’s?

FORTRAN

COBOL

C

C++

JAVA VISUAL PROGRAMMING

high level procedural languages (3rd gen)

machine language

the true language of the computer

consists of binary numbers 1 and 0

machine dependent (unique)

machine Language

intermediate languages that are very close to machine language

One comand in machine language is a single instruction to the processor to hsdkhsdkj tanginang ppt to

Aasdsndjakhf one a language with machine instruction

Assembler language

Fortan

first high level computer language and the progenitor of many key high level concepts such as variabes, extensions, iterative and formatted compile input/output seperately

COBOL

first universal programming language

The first truly english-like language

A language that can be run on any computer and models

Designed for writing business programs with minimum of time and effort

C

It was named after an earlier prototypr program called simply B

Most popular computer language for writing

C++

Used for a variety of applications, especially those that allows users to interact with electronic companies through the internet

JAVA

was developed by SUN MICROSYSTEMS to be a relatively simple language that would provide portability acroos differing computer platforms and the security needed for use on a huge public like the internet.

VISUAL PROGRAMMING

developed to facilitate program development in graphics based environments

-Beginners ALL purpose symbolic instruction COde (BASIC)

-the first lingua franca of microcomputers

Often taught to beginning programmers

Non-procedural language

Are specialized application programs that requires more involvement of the user in directing the program to do necessary work

A user specifies what the program is to do, but not how the program is to perform the task

The how is already programmed by the manufacturere of the language program.

S

Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS

A statistical analysis program, the user enters a command that tells the computer to compute a chi-square statistic on a particular datasheet. The formula is already a part of the program ; the user does not have to tell _____ how to calculate

Natural language

The user tells the machine what to do in the users own natural lagnuage or through use of a set of very English like commands

Any user could give understandable commands to the computer in his or her own word style and accent is bering performed

Voice recognition technology is integrated with the language so that voice commands are recognized and executed

PROBLEM DEFINITON

Involves identification of the problem to be solved

Program Design

where the process designing takes place

Writing the code and program

Includes structure and narrative

Alpha testing

Alpha testing (desk checking) where components are checked to see if all the processes appear to be functioning as specified in the flow charts, functional sppecification and design spec

Beta testing and programming implementation

involves installation to actual user evironment that signals program implementation