Child Psychopathology Quiz 5

Why does age of onset matter for fears?

A fear is abnormal if it appears at an unusual age (e.g., older child with toddler-type fear).

When does a fear become abnormal in terms of persistence?

When it continues beyond the normal developmental stage.

How does intensity make a fear abnormal?

When it interferes with daily functioning (e.g., avoiding school).

Why does prevalence matter in identifying disorders?

Very rare fears (e.g., agoraphobia in kids) are more likely to be considered disordered.

What physical symptoms often accompany phobias?

Headaches, dizziness, stomach pain (somatic complaints)

What is response prevention in treatment?

Preventing escape/avoidance so anxiety naturally decreases.

How is modeling used in anxiety treatment?

Demonstrating appropriate, non-fearful behavior for the child to imitate.

What is reinforced practice?

Rewarding children for facing fears and practicing coping behaviors.

What behaviors are common in selective mutism?

Difficulty speaking, relying on nonverbal communication, social withdrawal.

What is a major social outcome of selective mutism?

Social isolation and difficulty forming peer relationships.

What common parent behavior maintains selective mutism?

Speaking for the child, which reinforces silence.

What is the behavioral explanation for panic disorder?

Panic becomes linked to situations where the person feels lack of control.

What do behavioral treatments target in panic disorder?

Physical sensations (interoceptive cues) that trigger panic.

What are key symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, sleep problems.

Who is GAD more common in and when does it start?

More common in girls; median onset around age 10.

Why are medications often used for GAD?

Because anxiety is diffuse (not tied to one trigger), making behavioral treatment harder.

What is a key comorbidity pattern in anxiety and depression?

Many anxious kids are also depressed, and many depressed kids are also anxious.

Why are repetitive behaviors normal in children?

They help children gain control and mastery over their environment.

How does OCD affect daily functioning?

It disrupts school, relationships, and normal activities due to time-consuming rituals.

How do children with OCD typically view their symptoms?

As distressing and irrational, but hard to control.

When does OCD typically begin?

Ages 9–12, with peaks in early childhood and adolescence.

What is the long-term course of OCD?

Often chronic; many continue to have symptoms years later.

What effect did COVID-19 have on OCD?

Increased new cases in children and adolescents.

True or False: All children exposed to stressors are affected the same way.

False — impact depends on environment, support, and individual differences.