SOCI 102 UBC FINAL

Sex

A biological Identity that is based on the physical or biological differences of being male or female

Gender

A social concept that includes all social patterns of being male or female

It is social and cultural and not biological

Intersectionality

Kimberle Williams Crenshaw's term for the study of how various dimensions of inequality can divide

Example: The black women being laid off of work

Trans-gender

Challenges idea of what it means to be male or female

Social Construction of Gender

Erving Goffman

We perform our gender but femininity and masculinity have changed over time. Gender is socially prescribed roles for male and females. We create categories and forget where they originate from.

Costs of masculinity/Femininity

Rules that limit what men and women can do or be

Gender inequality

- In politics -- more men In MP positions

- The feminization of jobs

- Women are entering more male dominated jobs

- inequality in wages

Male dominated jobs

Science, Manufacturing, Construction, Management

Women dominated jobs

Nursing, teaching, clerical

women in Politics

-Advocate for different policies than men

- Increased self esteem of girls by viewing female role models

- Changes perception of women roles as leaders

Sexuality

Feelings of sexual attraction and behaviour related to them. There is and increasing openness in society leasing to changing norms in society

-Example: Sex at younger age, more partners, acceptance of gays

Alfred Kinsey

- First systematic study of sexuality in the 40's and 50's

- Theres much more diversity in sexuality than initially though

- Creates heterosexual and homosexual scale

- People aren't straight and gay they're in between

- Normal sexuality isn't whats morally right or wrong — created by society— it should be what one thinks of themselves

Heteronormativity

- Automatic assumption that people are straight unless otherwise stated

- Little kids of the opposite gender playing together are called boyfriend-girlfriend the same isn't said of two people of same gender

- A family is depicted as man and woman with children

- The idea of coming out

-Martin studies how mothers control heteronormativity

Heterosexual privilege

If your are heterosexual you're allowed to show affection without being judged

Easier to adopt children

You can get married anywhere in the world

Changing norms of heterosexuality

Decreasing levels of homophobia

Changing laws; Decriminalizing gay marriage --- Canada in 2005

Changes in the family

Increasing divorce rate — increased until the 90s but not have tapered off

Increase of people living common law

De-institutionalisation of marriage

De-institutionalisation of marriage

Andrew Cherlin -- our understanding about the noms and values of marriage have chnaged. People are questioning the role of marriage in society. Decrease in marriage rates

Canadian houselhold census (1981-2014)

More of every type of relationship than the traditional married with kids

Why is the family changing?

Rise in women rights

Increase in tolerance for diversity

Decreasing level of religiosity

Rising individualism

Women working outside of the home

Increasing use of birth control

Society is becoming individualistic

Structural functionalist on the family

Provide support — financial or emotional

Regulate behaviour of members

Socialization of children

Reproduction

Conflict theorist on the family

Power differentials in the family -- Age groups, gender groups

It isn't perfect

Family is an agent of socialization that perpetuates capitalism and keeps society as is

Family violence

is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.

Arranged marriages

Challenges marriages are based on romantic love

Arranged marriage partners are more satisfied with their marriage in 10 years than non arranged

Why are arranged partners happier?

Principle of homogeny

family screens for deal breakers

Values -- associated with resistance to divorce

Less individualistic

Education

the rise of mass post- secondary education enrolment and completion.

Your educational credentials shape the kinds of jobs you can access, the income you will make, and your risk of unemployment.

Schools now cover a much wider range of topics, including media literacy, physical education, drug and alcohol education, environmental responsibility, and sex education.

Latent functions

Socialization

Teaching you value of society

Unintended function

Manifest functions

Learning core subjects — math, science etc

Social class on university

Best predictor of who is going to attend university

If your parents attended uni you are more likely to attend university

If your parents have more money you're more likely to get tutors, attend educational tutors

Your social circle ends up going to university

Consequences of degree

Return of education isn't equal-- African Americans and Latinos in the US have to earn a Masters degree in or- der to make the same amount of money as a white worker with a BA. Women also have to earn a PhD to make more money in a lifetime than men with a BA.

Gender on university

-Rising tides of human rights

-Rise of feminism

-Decreasing religiosity

-Birth Control

-Increased labour marker participation

Cultural Capital

Pierre Bourdieu -- created the concept of cultural capital to demonstrate how an individual is defined by his or her embodied, objectified, and institutionalized assets in addition to their economic wealth and social class.

Rationalization

Max Weber -- Disenchantment of the world

Less magic

Less Spiritual

Has positives and negatives

Irrationality of rationality

Example: Why did the plague happen?

Enchanted world = Karma etc

Rational= Lack of sanitation

Rise of Rationalization

1. Predictability

2. Calculability

3. Efficiency

4. Control

Enlightenment

After Rationalization. -- The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".

McDonaldization

Based of Webers Rationalization

Created by George Ritzer

The production line is efficient but losing lots of jobs etc

Changes in Work

Rise of service sector

Emotional Labour

A part of your job is to create emotions is someone else

Deep acting and surface acting

bureaucracy

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Emotional Labour

Arlie Hoschild

Managing emotions so they are consistent with organizations display rules regardless of weather they are consistent with internal feelings

Example: Service Jobs

Surface Acting

Presenting emotions on the outside without actually feeling them

Deep Acting

Employee middles inner feelings to math the emotional expressions required by the organizations

Defensive credential

Process by which the eligibility of an entity for a particular job or task is established by determining if the entity has the specified qualifications and fulfils the defined requirements.

Health

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Social determinants of Health

Poverty — created environment that makes you less healthy

Social group — more close friends you have the longer you live

Geographical — Urban vs Rural — DO you live in a high polluted area? Do you live in an area of crime? What kind of food is near you

Inequality and health

Unequal access to health --urban vs rural

lacks of knowledge

High stress levels and low help levels

Environmental exposure -- living environment

Longer and Healthier than before. Why?

Sanitation

Refrigeration

Nutrition

Pasteurization

Health care system

Immunizations

State

A legal and political entity

Attached to geographic territory

Maintain monopoly on rule making

Permanent population

Free from interference of outside in domestic affairs of country

Parts of the state

Bureaucracies

Military

Government

How do states shape society

Shapes cultures

Provides public goods

Structures opportunities

Changes over time

Provides form to sort out social conflicts

State has monopoly on the use of violence — who said that

Max Weber

Welfare state

1. Minimum income

2. Decreases economic inequality --CP, EI

3. Social services -- Health care, education etc

Canada In the 60s

Ex. Basic income, provides of protection from other people, provides social programs

We give up power to the state because we get things back from the stat

Universal programs

Available to all citizens

CPP — not efficient but universal, very popular

Means tested

Student loans -- Less expensive and better at decreasing inequality

Based on who need it

Routes to Social Change

Electoral

Legal

Cultural

Social movement

Challenges vs modern state

People font share interests, trust etc

We are now bowling alone -- who said that

Robert D Putnam

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission

of Canada was a truth and reconciliation commission organized by the parties of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement -- Reparation Program

Social Movement

any group trying to make change in society

Can go in any direction — positive or negative

Need all to be successful, lack of one results in unsuccessfulness

You need to use tactics to make your argument valid

Factors of Successful movement

Worthiness, Numbers, Unity, Commitment

Who lead TRC?

Justice Murray Reconciliation -- First Nations Judge

Marie Wilson -- North west territories Workers Camp

Wilton Little-child -- Regional chief of assembly of FN's

Who apologized for the residential schools

Anglican -- 1993

presbyterian -- 1994

United -- 1996

Catholic --Never

Government

Reparations

1. Common Experience Payment

2. Independent Assessment

Collective Action Problem

Nobody should participate because were going to benefit from the pouts comes no matter what

Why should it ever happen?

Not true — IF everyone sat at home no chance would ever occur

Ex. My one vote wont make a difference

Framing

Three parts — Diagnosis, Prognosis, Motivational

Description Bias

how is your argument portrayed in the media

Selection Bias

what kind of things get covered — does your argument make it onto news

Diagnostic

What is the problem?

Prognostic

Who is to blame ?

Motivational

What needs to be done?

Protest Paradigm

Bc of how news in collected media tends to support and legitimate the views of an official

Challenges are often portrayed in a way that marginalizes issues

Public Sociology

The way sociology is applied to the world

We learned 4 parts

Methods of Public Sociology

Social policy research

Political lobbying and mobilization

Media engagement

Community Partnership

Drug Overdoses Research

Lindsay Richardson

Research on the effects of government assistance and drug overdose

Solutions -- Cheques on various times

An addition of consumption sites

Changing practice of opioid prescription for pain

Generation Inequality

Paul Krenshaw

Political mobilization as public sociology

Argues Canadians in their 20-40s needs more political influence

Inspiration from Canadian Association of Retired People

Gender Inequality in Pay

Women still tend to marry men with higher earning

Media Engagement -- Yue Qian

Media work to bring finding to public

Integration for New immigration

Sean Lauer

Community partnerships with neighbourhood houses in Vancouver

Neighbourhood creating ties for new comers

Helps immigrants create diverse social ties

Cultural issues, such as challenging gender depictions in the media, have been the main concern of ________ feminism.

third-wave

When did women receive the right to vote?

1916

Individuals who work outside the home for money and inside the home on unpaid domestic tasks are said to work the ________,

double shift

_______ is the most important predictor of having tolerant attitudes towards LGBTQ people.

Knowing someone LGBTQ

________ were NOT exempt from China's one-child policy

Elite Couples

The loose group of conservative and centrist activists, religious leaders, and social scientists who want to strengthen the institution of marriage (in the Cherlin article) is called ________.

The marriage movement

Common law cohabitation is most popular in ________.

Quebec

Common-law couples now make up over 50 per cent of all couples in Canada.

False

Polygamy is legal in Canada.

False

Cohabitating couples include same-sex and opposite-sex couples.

True

An extended family consists of at least three generations

False

hidden curriculum

The lessons that are not normally considered part of the academic program but that schools unintentionally or secondarily provide is called a

Education is a Right

The Canadian Federation of Student's campaign to reduce tuition fees and deal with student debt is called

The focus on the socializing function of education is most closely associated with ________.

Emil Durkheim

Religion

In societies based on mechanical solidarity, the "glue" that holds society together is

Credentialing

The attestation of a qualification or competence issues to an individual by a party with the authority to do so, such as a university

Germany

The majority of ________ offers free tuition for its students at post-secondary institutions.

economic capital

Participating in the Greek system of fraternities and sororities is an example of

Scientific Management

attempts to rationalize work and make it more efficient by dividing it into smaller and smaller tasks.

Workers in capitalism are alienated in all of the following ways EXCEPT from ________.

Natural World

Secondary Sector

The sector of the economy concerned with manufacturing goods is called the ________

Tertiary Structure

The sector of the economy that is growing fastest in Canada is the ________.

Precarious employment is characterised by the three D's: _______.

dirty, dangerous, demeaning

Managerial

The ________ perspective focuses on evolving practices relating to the recruitment, training, and employment of administrators in bureaucracies.