Key Concepts in Structured Problem Solving and Consulting

structured problem solving

A logical, step-by-step approach to breaking down complex problems into manageable parts, often using business frameworks and hypothesis-driven thinking.

MECE

Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive - used to create clear, non-overlapping categories that fully cover the problem space.

hypothesis-driven problem solving

Starting with a possible explanation or root cause, and testing it through data or analysis to confirm or reject it quickly.

common case interview frameworks

Profitability (Revenue - Cost), Market Entry, and Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A).

80/20 Rule (Pareto Principle)

80% of results come from 20% of the causes; focus on the most impactful factors.

difference between critical thinking and creative thinking

Critical thinking evaluates and analyzes facts; creative thinking generates novel ideas and approaches.

Eisenhower Matrix

Prioritizing tasks based on urgency and importance (Important/Urgent grid).

time blocking

A scheduling technique where you assign specific time slots for different tasks or activities.

context switching

Frequently shifting between tasks, which reduces efficiency due to cognitive re-adjustment costs.

managing time on a project

By prioritizing deliverables, using team workplans, leveraging calendars, and delegating tasks effectively.

Pyramid Principle in communication

A top-down writing style where you state the main conclusion first, followed by supporting arguments.

STAR method for answering behavioral questions

Situation, Task, Action, Result - a structured format for storytelling in interviews.

importance of structured communication in consulting

It ensures clarity, professionalism, and persuasive impact when interacting with clients and teams.

consulting-style communication

Concise, structured, data-driven, and tailored to the audience.

OCEAN in personality theory

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

Openness in the Big 5

A trait reflecting creativity, curiosity, and willingness to try new things.

Conscientiousness in the Big 5

A trait indicating organization, dependability, and attention to detail.

Extraversion in the Big 5

A trait showing sociability, assertiveness, and high energy levels.

Agreeableness in the Big 5

A trait representing kindness, cooperation, and empathy.

Neuroticism in the Big 5

A trait related to emotional instability and tendency toward anxiety or moodiness.

valued Big 5 traits in consulting

High Conscientiousness, Moderate-to-High Openness, and Low Neuroticism.

understanding your Big 5 profile in consulting interviews

It helps you frame your strengths and develop awareness of areas for growth in teamwork and high-pressure settings.