Health Unit 4

Male/Female Reproductive System, relationships, sexual assault, pregnancy, and STD/STI's.

sperm

Male reproductive cells

Epididymis

On the back of each testicle. Carries & stores sperm cells. Also, brings sperm to maturity

Urethra (Male)

Blocks urine during ejaculation so only semen gets out. Also carries urine to the outside of the bladder. Only semen can be ejaculated during orgasm

Vas Deferens

Transports mature sperm to urethra to prepare for ejaculation

Bladder

Stores urine

Seminal Vesicles

Makes the sperm sugary and enables it to move

Prostate Glands

Below the urinary bladder. Adds additional fluid to ejaculation and helps nourish sperm.

Cowper’s Gland

Pea-sized structures on both sides of the urethra. These glands are in charge of producing a clear, slippery fluid that goes into the urethra.

Circumcision

Removal of foreskin at the top of the penis

Ejaculation

When semen is expelled from the penis at climax/orgasm during masturbation, sex, or dreams.

Erection

Penis gets rigid and erect to have sexual intercourse

Semen

Protective fluid around sperm, and gets ejaculated during ejaculation

Seminiferous Tubules

Located within the testicles. These tubes are responsible for producing sperm cells.

Scrotum

Loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis, and holds the testicles. Tightens or loosens depending on temperature.

Testicles

Responsible for making testosterone. Two are located inside the scrotum

Penis

Male organ for sexual intercourse. Three parts of it is the root, shaft, and glans

Testosterone

A primary hormone in functioning the male reproductive system

Vulva

External part of female reproductive organs. It covers the opening to the vagina

Labia

The two pairs of skin flaps that surround the vaginal opening

Vagina

Female’s internal reproductive organ. It’s a tube that extends from the vaginal opening to the uterus. It can expand and contract. Also where a baby exits a women’s body

Clitoris

Located toward front of the vulva where the folds of the labia join

Urethra

Located between the labia, it is the canal that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Ovaries

Two organs that produce, store, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes.

Eggs

Baby girls start with millions of them, and throughout puberty, the girl starts to release them each time she has her period. This happens about once a month

Fallopian Tubes

Two tubes that connect the uterus to the ovaries. When eggs pop out of an ovary, they enter the these tubes

Uterus

The womb. Contains some of the strongest muscles in the female body. Helps push baby out during labor. Also expands or contracts to accommodate growing a fetus, and the baby

Cervix

Where the vagina connects with the uterus. It expands during childbirth

Vaginal Walls

Muscular walls that can allow the vagina to expand and contract

Menstruation

When eggs leave the body through the uterus TWO weeks after it’s fertilized by a sperm.

Menarche

A girl’s first period

Fertilization

Happens after a man ejaculates into the vagina. Millions of sperm from the semen absorbs into the vagina through the cervix & uterus to meet the egg in the fallopian tubes.

Ovulation

The process of releasing eggs into the fallopian tube

Estrogen

Causes the lining of the uterus (endometrium) to become thick and rich with blood

Progesterone

Female sex hormones that’s produced bu the ovaries

Discharge

White fluid that comes out of vagina which is produced by the uterus, cervix, and vagina

Mon Pubis

Fleshy area above the top of the vagina opening

Chlamydia

A bacterial STD that is caused from anal, vaginal, and oral sex. Some symptoms for men or women include cervicitis, urethritis, and epididymitis. For women, symptoms are chronic pelvic pain, and tubal factor inferility. **Male** symptoms are **very minimal**. If untreated, it can spread to uterus or fallopian tubes, cause sub-clinical inflammation of the upper genital tract, pneumonia in newborn, and arthritis

Gonorrhea

A bacterial STD that is caused from sexual contact of the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of an infected partner. Symptoms for men are dysuria (yellow/green discharge). Women are mostly asymptomatic but some are dysuria, increased vaginal discharge, and bleeding between periods. Both receive itching, bleeding, and soreness. For women, they can experience abdominal pain & fever. Infection can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes. For men, they can experience epididymitis & infertility. Both can experience Gonococal infection (arthritis & tenosynovitis). Very similar to Chlamydia

Abstinence

Not having sex. 100% effectiveness at preventing any STD/STI and pregnancy.

Birth Control Pill

A prescription method that stops the ovary from releasing an egg. Works very well

Ortho Evra Patch

A prescription method. It is a path that is worn on the skin to release hormones to prevent ovulation

Nuva Ring

A prescription method. A ring that is worn inside the vagina that contains hormones and prevents ovulation.

Depo Prover Shot

Must visit the office. It is a hormone shot to prevent ovulation

Nexplanon Implant

Must visit the office. A thin rod that is implanted into the skin of the upper arm, which prevents ovulation.

IUD

Must visit the office. A flexible plastic device that is placed in the uterus to prevent sperm cells from reaching an egg

Spermicide

An OTC method. A chemical that is placed in the vagina before sex to prevent sperm from reaching the cervix.

Diaphragm/Cervical Cap/Sponge

A prescription method but must visit the office to be fitted. Squishy plastic devices that are placed in the vagina to cover the cervix during sex, and they are intended to block sperm.

Withdrawal

To pull the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation.

External Condom

An OTC method. A thin plastic pouch that covers the penis and collects semen, to stop it from entering the vagina. It can protect against STD’s AND prevent pregnancy

Internal Condom

A prescription method. A condom that is inserted inside the vagina to protect against STDs AND can prevent pregnancy.

Dental Dam

An OTC method. A square piece of latex that helps to prevent the spread of STDs and germs during oral sex. It’s place over the vulva and/or anus.

Tubal Ligation (Sterilzation)

A surgical procedure that PERMANENTLY blocks the fallopian tubes so sperm can’t reach an egg after ovulation. Can’t become pregnant

Vasectomy (Sterilization)

A surgical procedure that cuts the vas deferens so sperm can’t leave the body. A PERMANENT procedure and can’t get someone pregnant

Emergency Contraception

Used if the form of birth control failed. It can prevent pregnancy after intercourse if taken within 3 days. It is not an abortion pill.

Sexual Assault

Sexual contact or behavior that occurs without explicit consent of the victim.

HIV

A viral STD that makes a person more vulnerable to other infections spread by bodily fluids. There are three stages that each have side effects. There is no cure, but there is prescribed medicine to reduce it in blood.

AIDs

Develops when HIV is not treated in its early stages. This can shorten lifespan if it is not treated because the immune system is not existence

Syphilis

A bacterial STD that spreads from person to person by direct contact of penis, vagina, anus, rectum, or mouth. The first stage has a few sores, then they disappear. Second stage symptoms are more noticeable, but then they go away. The third stage occurs 10-30 years after and affects the brain. Can be cured by taking Benzathine penicillin/Aqueous Crystalline penicillin. Baby could die after birth if not treated

HPV

A viral STD that causes genital warts/sores. It can cause cervical/genital cancer if left untreated. There is no cure, but the HPV vaccine should be taken. To prevent, use condoms, and have sex with one person who only has had sex with you.

Herpes

A viral STD that causes small blisters to appear on genitals or mouth, fever, aches, and swollen lymph nodes. In untreated, it can lead to inflammation of the linings of brain. Embarrasment/shame. There is no cure but antiviral meds can prevents outbreaks. Condom doesn’t shield all parts of spreading this STD. There is a genital version (affects genitals) and an oral version (affects mouth) of this STD

Implantation

When the egg buries itself into the thickened lining of the uterus

Endometrium

The lining of the uterus, where the implantation occurs

Zygote

From the moment of conception until approximately two weeks later

Embryo

Term for developing pregnancy from two weeks until 8 weeks of pregnancy

Fetus

A developing human, from the start of the 9th week of pregnancy until delivery

Placenta

An organ that develops and attaches to the uterus during pregnancy and connects the mother to the fetus. This allows blood to pass from mother to baby allowing for the change of oxygen and nutrients, as well as protective antibodies.

Fetal Waste Products

The blood picks _____ to be transported to the mom’s blood stream for removal by her organs

Umbilical Cord

A hollow rope-like tube that connects the fetus to the placenta. The fetus recieves nutrients from its mother and elimantes through this cord.

Amniotic Fluid

Protective fluid that surrounds the growing fetus during its time in the womb. The fluid helps to cushion from outside force

Ultrasounds

A tool to visualize the baby as it grows

First Trimester

1st-12 weeks of pregnancy. All of the organs are formed (heart, brain, lungs, eyes, arms, legs, etc)

Second Trimester

13-28 weeks of pregnancy. The heartbeat can be heard at this point, and the fetus recognizes voices and grows hair and nails.

Third Trimester

Weeks 29 of pregnancy, Fetus gains most of its weight and is able to grasp objects as well as open and close its eyes.

Labor

When women give birth. Very painful

Cesarean Section

Surgical incision through the abdomen and uterus to deliver the baby. Performed when vaginal delivery would be dangerous.

Conception

Finding out that you are pregnant

Miscarriage

The fetus died

Gynecologist

The doctor who checks up on the fetus

Obstetrician

Doctor who helps deliver baby