Biology quiz tonicity and cell transportation

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passive transport

Energy is not required. Molecules move from higher concentrations to low concentrations.

simple diffusion

Molecules that are small and non-polar move across the membrane without any help. Ex. Oxygen, Carbon dioxide

Facilitated diffusion

Molecules that are large and polar move across the membrane with the help of a integral protein/channel proteins Ex. Water, Glucose, Amino Acids

Osmosis

water moves through the membrane or through protein channels called aquaporins.

Hypertonic

Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; the cell loses water. Appear shriveled

Hypotonic

Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; the cell gains water. Swell

isotonic

Having the same solute concentration; equilibrium. Normal

active transport

Energy is required. Molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration.

protein pumps

a type of protein that uses ATP to move molecules or ions across the cell membrane and against the concentration gradient. Ex. Sodium-potassium pump

Vesicles

"Mail men," small membrane bound sacs that transport materials around cell and to cell membrane

Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Endocytosis

substance enters the cell

Phagocytosis

transports solids

Pinocytosis

transport liquids

receptor-mediated

peripheral proteins are used capture specific target molecules