HOSA Veterinary Science - Round One Prep

Veterinary science

Study of animal health, disease, and medical care

Comparative anatomy

Study of similarities and differences in animal body structures

Homeostasis

Maintenance of stable internal conditions in animals

Anterior

Toward the head

Posterior

Toward the tail

Dorsal

Toward the back

Ventral

Toward the belly

Cardiac cycle

One complete heartbeat

Systole

Contraction phase of the heart

Diastole

Relaxation phase of the heart

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart

Capillaries

Small vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs

Alveoli

Air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

Nephron

Functional unit of the kidney

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Endocrine system

System of glands that secrete hormones

Hormone

Chemical messenger transported through the bloodstream

Integumentary system

Skin, hair or fur, nails or claws

Feline gestation length

Average pregnancy length of a cat is 58 to 65 days

Carbohydrates

Primary energy source in animal diets

Proteins

Nutrients used for growth, tissue repair, and immune function

Lipids

Concentrated energy source and insulation

Fat

soluble vitamins

Water

soluble vitamins

Vitamin A

Supports vision, skin, and immune health

Vitamin D

Regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption

Iron

Essential for oxygen transport in blood

Calcium

Required for bones, teeth, and muscle contraction

Water

Essential for all metabolic processes

Normal behavior

Expected behavior for a species

Abnormal behavior

Behavior indicating illness, pain, or stress

Stress

Physical or psychological strain affecting an animal

Aggression

Threatening or harmful behavior

Fear response

Fight, flight, or freeze reaction

Environmental enrichment

Improvements to an animal’s environment to promote welfare

Pathogen

Disease

Bacteria

Single

Virus

Infectious agent that requires a host cell to reproduce

Parasite

Organism that lives on or in a host

Fungus

Organism that causes fungal infections

Infectious disease

Disease that can be transmitted

Noninfectious disease

Disease that cannot be transmitted

Vaccine

Substance that stimulates immunity

Antibiotic

Medication that treats bacterial infections

Disease prevention

Actions taken to reduce disease spread

Zoonosis

Disease transmitted from animals to humans

Rabies

Fatal viral disease affecting the nervous system

Salmonella

Bacterial zoonotic disease affecting the digestive system

Ringworm

Fungal infection of the skin

Cause of ringworm

Fungus

Leptospirosis

Bacterial zoonotic disease spread through urine

Toxoplasmosis

Parasitic disease associated with cat feces

Vital signs

Temperature, pulse, and respiration

TPR

Temperature, pulse, and respiration

Normal TPR

Species: specific normal ranges for temperature, pulse, and respiration

Signalment

Species, breed, age, and sex of an animal

Medical records

Documentation of patient care and treatment

Animal restraint

Safe control of an animal to prevent injury

Aseptic technique

Practices used to prevent contamination

Primary assessment

Identification of life

ABCs

Airway, breathing, circulation

Secondary assessment

Head

Shock

Inadequate tissue perfusion

Hemorrhage

Severe bleeding

Fracture

Broken bone

Poisoning

Ingestion of toxic substances

Muzzle

Device used to prevent biting

Bandaging

Application of material to protect wounds

Heat stroke

Dangerous elevation of body temperature

Hypothermia

Abnormally low body temperature

Asepsis

Absence of microorganisms

Sterilization

Complete elimination of all microorganisms

Surgical site preparation

Cleaning and disinfecting the surgical area

Surgical scrub pattern

Scrub from the intended incision outward in concentric circles

Preoperative care

Care provided before surgery

Postoperative care

Care provided after surgery

Scalpel

Surgical instrument used for cutting

Forceps

Instrument used for grasping tissue

Sutures

Material used to close wounds

Anesthesia

Loss of sensation or consciousness

Ethics

Moral principles guiding veterinary care

Confidentiality

Protection of client and patient information

Informed consent

Owner permission for treatment

Negligence

Failure to provide proper standard of care

OSHA

Organization that promotes workplace safety

Animal welfare

Humane treatment of animals

Professional conduct

Appropriate behavior in veterinary practice