GCSE Latin grammar review Eduqas

What are the infinitive endings?

ARE; ĒRE, ERE, IRE

How do you translate an infinitive?

to do something

What is an imperative?

An order

What does an imperative end in?

A,E,I in the singular; ATE; ETE; ITE in the plural

What is the nominative?

subject of the verb

What is the accusative?

object of the verb

What is a vocative?

Addressing someone

What is a genitive?

Possession - of

What is a dative?

to/for

What is the ablative?

by, with, from, in, at, on

What gender is the first declension?

Generally feminine; ends in A in the nominative singular

What gender is the second declension?

Masculine or neuter - ends in US; ER or UM

What gender is the third declension

All genders - Endings follow REX and FLUMEN

What words are 4th declension nouns?

domus, manus, vultus

What words are 5th declension nouns?

dies, res, spes

1st declension endings

a, a, am, ae, ae, ā, ae, ae, as, arum, is, is

2nd declension endings masculine

us, e, um, i, o, o, i, i, os, orum, is, is

2nd declension endings neuter

um, um, um, i, o, o, a, a, a, orum, is, is

3rd declension endings m/f

-, -, em, is, i, ē, es, es, es, um, ibus, ibus

4th declension endings

us, us, ūm, us, uī, ū, ūs, ūs, ūs, uum, ibus, ibus

5th declension endings

ēs, ēs, ēm, ēi, ēi, ē, ēs, ēs, ēs, ērum, ēbus, ēbus

What are the present tense endings?

O,S,T, MUS, TIS, NT

What are the imperfect tense endings?

bam, bas, bat, bamus, batis, bant

What are the perfect tense endings?

(v)i, (v)isti, (v)it, (v)imus, (v)istis, (v)erunt

What are the pluperfect tense endings?

(v)eram, (v)eras, (v)erat, (v)eramus, (v)eratis, (v)erant

Possible stems for the perfect and pluperfect tense

SS, V, U, S, X (some shrimp are very unsexy)

What are the Future tense endings? (1st and 2nd conjugation)

bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt

What are the Future tense endings? (3rd conjugation and 4th conjugation)

am, es, et, emus, etis, ent

Give examples of prepositions

cum, ad, ab, prope, trans, de, circum,in,contra

Examples of adverbs

mox, tamen, igitur, magnopere, numquam, bene, deinde, itaque, iterum, olim, sic, ubi

Adjectives

Agree in case number and gender with the noun which they describe. Come after the noun, unless size.

Recognising comparatives - more, too

-ior, ius

Recognising superlatives

-ss-, -rr-, -ll-

First and second declension adjectives

Follow bonus, bona, bonum

Third declension adjectives

Follow ingens (like rex)

Ordinal numbers

primus, secundus tertius - 1st 2nd 3rd etc.

Cardinal numbers

unus, duo, tres 1,2,3

Present tense of the verb to be

sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

Imperfect tense of the verb to be

eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant

Perfect tense of the verb to be

fui, fuisti, fuit, fuimus, fuistis, fuerunt

Future tense of the verb to be

ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

Pluperfect tense of the verb to be

fueram, fueras, fuerat, fueramus, fueratis, fuerant

Two noun cases following prepositions

accusative and ablative

Personal pronouns - nominatives

ego, tu, nos, vos

Personal pronouns - accusatives

me, te, nos, vos

Personal pronouns - datives and ablatives

mihi, tibi, nobis. vobis

Personal pronouns - genitives

mei, tui, nostrum, vestrum

He, she, it - nominative

is, ea, id

Him, her, it

eum, eam, id

them

eos, eas, id

their/s - singular and plural

eius, eorum, earum

Irregular verbs

eo, fero, volo, nolo, possum

Surely and surely not?

nonne et num?

Irregular verbs like eo

pereo, redeo

Irregular verbs like fero

aufero, offero, refero

eo endings

eo, is, it, imus, itis, eunt

ibam, ibas, ibat, ibamus, ibatis, ibant

ivi, ivisti, ivit, ivimus, ivistis, iverunt

iveram, iveras, iverat, iveramus, iveratis, iverant

ibo, ibis, ibit, ibimus, ibitis, ibunt

ire

i, ite

PPP: itus

fero endings

fero, fers, fert, ferimus, fertis, ferunt

ferebam, ferebas, ferebat, ferebamus, ferebatis, ferebant

tuli, tulisti, tulit, tulimus, tulistis, tulerunt

tuleram, tuleras, tulerat, tuleramus, tuleratis, tulerant

feram, feras, ferat, feramus, feratis, ferant

ferre

fer, ferite

PPP: latus

possum

possum, potes, potest, possumus, potestis, possunt

poteram, poteras, poterat, poteramus, poteratis, poterant

potui, potuisti, potuit, potuimus, potuistis, potuerunt

potueram, potueras, potuerat, potueramus, potueratis, potuerant

potero, poteris, poterit, poterimus, poteritis, poterint

posse

potes, poteste

volo

volo, vis, vult, volumus, vultis, volunt

volebam, volebas, volebat, volebamus, volebatis, volebant

volui, voluisti, voluit, voluimis, voluistis, voluerunt

volueram, volueras, voluerat, volueramus, volueratis, voluerant

volam, voles, volet, volemus, voletis, volent

velle

prepositions followed by accusative

ad, ante, apud, contra, in, inter, per, post, prope, propter, sub, trans

prepositions followed by an ablative

a, ab, cum, de, e, ex, in, pro, sine