HDFS Exam Two

James Garbarino

studies what causes violence in children, how they cope with it, and how to rehabilitates them.

Isssues in Todays Youth

1.        We have taken childhood away

2.        Today’s youth faced with that should wait until adulthood

3.        No longer “in the best interest of the child”

·      Sees childhood basined (attacked) on 3 fronts

Sexual

• Media portrays of sex; images on TV; music; exposed to lots of sexual images out there. Video games; advisements; etc.

Economic and Security

• Children as consumers; pressures for parents to buying; kids having power in their families spending.

William Donerty

1. Overscheduled, hyperactive, overactivity families

2. Competitive sports vs recreational sports

3. Parenting or the sidelines -> not activity parenting; not giving boundaries

Other general Concerns in Middle childhood

1. Concept of parentification

2. High number of unscheduled, under structed after school time.

3. Today’s youth need to have at least one caring adult in order too

Developmental Task in Middle Childhood

1. Friendship

2. Team Play

3. Concrete Operations

4. Skill Learning

5. Self-Evaluation

Friendship ( why peers are so important in middle childhood)

2. They offer independence from parents

3. Offer someone who’s on equal ground

4. Allow for practice in getting along with others

• we learn social skills, working in teams

5. They offer a sense of “we” which gives us a sense of security, companionship

6. Gives kids a wealth of information knowledge (what’s in, what’s cool)

7. We begin to become aware of social norms for peer acceptance; this results in pressures to conform.

Team Play in Middle Childhood

• Interdependence: our acts affect others

• Division of labor: cooperation, we each contribute

• Competition: success and failures (sports)

• In group and out of group activities

- Where do you learn these? Failures

- In group attitude: good sportsmanship

- Out of group attitude: bad behavior

Concrete Operations in Middle childhood

- Moving towards problem solving

- Learning becomes more advanced

- Moving towards more conceptual thinking

Examples: friendships, figuring out how to study

Skill Learning in Middle childhood

- puts knowledge into practice by adapting it to new skills

- Expulsion of new skills

- Novice to expert with practice

- Sense of self impacts this

  Self-Evaluation in Middle Childhood

- We pay attention to others

- Evaluating self on what others think

- Include our self-perceptions of self

Psychosocial crisis (Middle Childhood)

industry vs inferiority

Industry

- Eager to learn new skills

- Eager to do good work

- New responsibilities add to our sense of worth

- External rewards encourage this

Inferiority

- Feelings of worthlessness from self and others

- We compared ourselves to others

- We can’t be skilled at everything, we just don’t get this quite yet

Central Process in Middle Childhood

Education

- Formal and Informal Education

- We must contextualize the learning to students’ knowledge and experiences

Structure of Adolescences

Erickson vs Newman and Newman

Erickson

Psychosocial crisis

- One life stage

Newman and Newman

- 2 stages

- Goes beyond psychosocial crisis

- Looks at themes (developmental) task of early + later adulthood

Developmental Task in Early Adolescences

1. Physical Maturation

2. Formal Operations

3.    Emotional Development

4. Membership in peer groups

5. Romantic and Sexual Relationships

Physical Maturation

- Body growth spurts

- Hormonal changes

- Physical changes

- Onset of puberty: happening earlier

Formal Operations

- New conceptual skills

- Can think of multiple demines signs/ layers

- Move from concrete to more formal thinking (more abstract)

- How would you take on complex task, issues, thoughts

Emotional Development

- Diversity of emotions happening

- Become more aware of our range of our emotions

- Can struggle with depression

- Destructive coping mechanisms emerge

Membership in peer groups

- Being part of a group takes a deeper meaning

- Being to add more “layers” to the idea of peer

- The need to be a part of a group

- Where we learn about intimacy

Romantic and Sexual Relationships

- Begins to take place in the context of an emotional varies and depends on commitment of sexual interact

Psychosocial Crisis in Early Adolescence

Grown Identity vs Alienation

- What causes us to feel connected? Part of a group?

- What happens when were not connected to something?

- Think of ways this can happen

Central Process in Early Adolescence

Peer Pressure

Coping Behavior: Fidelity

- Being loyal to others

Core Pathology: Distortion

- Sensor separateness of others; withdraws; disconnect from life

Developmental Task in Later Adolescents

1. Autonomy from parents

2. Gender Identity

3. Internalized Morality

4. Career Choices

1. Autonomy from parents

- Ability to regulate your own behavior

- Independence in your thinking, emotions, and actions

- Setting boundaries or making decisions based on your own needs, values, and interest

- Example: separating

- leaving home and being self-sufficient

- parents and children accept each other’s individuality

2. Gender Identity

- Acquiring your set of beliefs. Attuites, and values about who you are

- Social lives: express and negotiate their gender identity, they/ some might find in group that support or challenge their gender views

- Community: depending on their community couture and values, may encounter varying levels of acceptance

- Education: access to resources and help, gender stereotypes that may affect perception of ability

- Intimate Relationships: traditional gender norms (expectations), exploration of attraction, sexual intimacy

- Religion: now one’s gender identity aligns with religious beliefs. For some their religion may play a role in shaping their understanding of gender, and they may struggle with how their identity fits into religious teachings.

- Family: generational differences, greater freedom from family pressures allowing exploration, may struggle for acceptance.

- Work: discrimination, can influence career path.

3. Internalized Morality

- New cognitive abilites that allow multiple perspectives

- Increasingly aware of the rights and needs of others

- We call upon this task when: we’re forced with pressures to violate our own moral beliefs. We’re faced with situations that require moral evulation, judgment, and decision making

Career Choices

- Sets tone for the rest of our adulthood

- Factors that influence our career choices. Our education, family background, gender socialization

Psychosocial Crisis: Individual Identity vs Identity Confusion

- What contributes to your identity

- How can confusion happen at this time?

Central Process: Role Experimentation

-              Example: trying different “hats”

-              Seeing what fits

-              Taking some risk

-              Making some really good choices

-              Making some mistakes and/ or bad choices

Coping Behavior in later Adolescences

- Fidelity to values and Ideologies

- Fidelity is the result of an adolescents successfully forming a stable identity

- This identity is based on personal decisions about values, beliefs, occupations, and relationships, rather than simply accepting the values and expectations of others.

Core Pathology: Repudiation

- Rigid worldview

- Hostile rejection of all ideas, values, groups that don’t adhere to one’s own beliefs