us history unit 2

French and Indian War

war fought from 1754 to 1763 in which Britain and its colonies defeated France and its American Indian allies, gaining control of eastern North America

Treaty of Paris 1763

1763 peace treaty that ended the French and Indian War. Set new territorial borders in North America between French, British and Spanish

Proclamation of 1763

declaration by the British king ordering all colonists to remain east of the Appalachian Mountains

Stamp Act

1765 law passed by Parliament that required colonists to pay taxes on printed materials

Intolerable Acts

American name for the Coercive Acts, which Parliament passed in 1774 to control the colonies

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

organization of colonists formed in opposition to the Stamp Act and other British laws and taxes

Committees of Correspondence

network of local groups that informed colonists of British measures and the opposition to them in the years before the Revolutionary War

Thomas Paine

was an English-American author and political thinker who moved to Philadelphia in 1774, following a meeting with Benjamin Franklin. He is best known for his highly influential pamphlet, Common Sense, which helped bring support to the Patriot cause.

Common Sense

Pamphlet wrote by Thomas Paine advocating for the separation of the colonies from the British Empire

Thomas Jefferson

was an American farmer, landholder, author, architect, lawyer, and statesman. He joined the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1768 and began advocating for American independence in the 1770s. Jefferson represented Virginia in the Second Continental Congress, during which time he drafted and revised the Declaration of Independence. He went on to serve as a diplomat to France and as the nation's first secretary of state, second vice president, and third president. Jefferson also founded the University of Virginia.

Committee of Five

Committee of five people who will help draft the Declaration of Independence including, THomas

Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin and Robert Livingston

Declaration of Independence

document drawn up by the Second Continental Congress, and approved in 1776, that announced American independence and explained the reasons for it

Treaty of Paris 1783

1783 peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary War and affirmed American independence

John Locke on Declaration

Wrote The Second Treatise of Civil Government, postulates that government is only legitimate by consent of the governed, suggests government should protect life, liberty and property

Jean Rousseau on Declaration

Wrote The Social Contract, suggests that government should enforce the will of society and that society is the holder of real power

Montesquieu on Declaration

Wrote The Spirit of Law, suggests that there are three governmental functions, executive, judicial and legislative (separation of powers) and that those powers should be separated into three co-equal branches

Benjamin Franklin

was an influential American statesman, inventor, and scientist. Trained as a printer, Franklin settled in Philadelphia, where he printed and published newspapers, his own writings, and the popular Poor Richard's Almanac. Franklin's contribution to the founding of the United States was significant.

He was the only individual to sign all three principal documents of the new nation: the Declaration of Independence, the treaty with Great Britain that ended the American Revolution, and the U.S. Constitution. His scientific achievements include the formulation of a theory of electricity.

John Adams

was an American colonial lawyer and writer who became one of the foremost thinkers and activists among American patriots. He spoke out against British tax laws and served as a delegate from Massachusetts to the First Continental Congress. He went on to become the first Vice President and the second President of the United States.

George Washington

worked early on as a surveyor of the Virginia colony.

Washington became interested in western expansion in the Ohio Country and invested in the Ohio Company. In 1752, he accepted an appointment to the military as an officer. Two years later, he led a company to drive out the French from Fort Duquesne. Later, he went on to serve as the commander-in-chief of the colonies' Continental Army and to become the first President of the United States.

Marquis de LaFayette

was a French aristocrat who joined the American Patriot cause in 1777. He fought under General Washington, and returned to France in 1779 to persuade the king to send French forces to help the Americans. In 1780, he returned to command Patriot forces in Virginia. In 1781, he helped trap the British under General Cornwallis at Yorktown.

Valley Forge

location in Pennsylvania where General Washington's army spent a difficult winter in 1777-1778

Battle of Trenton (Geography)

1776 Revolutionary War battle in New Jersey, won by the Continental Army

Battle of Saratoga (Geography)

Fought in 1777 seen as the turning point of the Revolutionary War, convinces French to join war on side of Americans

Battle of Yorktown (Geography)

Final battle of the American Revolution.

American, French Army and French Navy will be able to surround British Army and Cornwallis will surrender.

Women during the Revolution

Will take on the roles of running farms, managing finances, making home repairs, chopping wood. In addition, will contribute for Army, clothing, raising money, producing food and making military supplies

American Indians during the Revolution

Supported both armies as scouts soldiers, and diplomats

Enslaved and Free Blacks during the Revolution

Served in both American and British armies in integrated infantry units, conducted supporting rolls as cooks, waiters, artisans, or wagoners.

Declaration of Independence

document drawn up by the Second Continental Congress, and approved in 1776, that announced American independence and explained the reasons for it