Neurology Risk Factors

Neurology Flashcards

What is the most important prognostic factor (MIPF) in retinal detachment?

Time to surgical intervention to fix

What is the most common (MC) disease of the retina in the elderly?

Macular degeneration

What is the most important prognostic factor (MIPF) in preserving neurologic function in spinal cord compression?

Early diagnosis

What is the most likely mechanism (MLM) in a patient with hyponatremia and increased urine osmolality?

Ectopic ADH production

What is the most common cause (MCC) of blindness in the elderly?

Macular degeneration

If brain metastases are present, what is the most likely primary malignancy?

Lung cancer

What malignancy may develop in the future in retinoblastoma patient?

Osteosarcoma

What is the most likely complication (ML complication) of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease?

Bilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

What is the most likely clinical presentation (MLCP) in a patient with Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

Ptosis +/- diplopia

What is the most common cause (MCC) of non-communicating hydrocephalus in a neonate?

Stricture/obstruction in cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

In any patient with CNS infection or disease, what is the most likely mechanism of disease?

hematogenous spread (spinal/Batson's plexus)

What is the #1 risk factor (RF) for optic neuritis?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A patient with Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) requires what screening?

Regular hearing screening (acoustic neuroma) + annual brain MRIs from ~10 yrs – 4th decade of life (meningiomas and epyndyomas)

What should a patient with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) be screened for?

Optic nerve gliomas

What is a common complication of Sturge-Weber syndrome?

Seizures, developmental delay, glaucoma

What is the most likely primary malignancy in a child with multiple bone metastases?

Neuroblastoma

What is the most likely mechanism (MLM) of disease in status epilepticus?

Low level of antiepileptic drug

What is the #1 risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage?

Hypertension (HTN)

What is the most common cause (MCC) of rapidly progressive dementia?

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

What is the most common (MC) anterior mediastinal mass?

Thymoma

What is the most common (MC) middle mediastinal mass?

Lymphadenopathy

What is the most common (MC) posterior mediastinal mass?

Neurogenic tumor/schwannoma

A patient that is nauseous/vomiting should not be placed on what respiratory support?

Don’t place on BiPAP or CPAP

A 66M + experiences stroke + has Hx of hypertension and smoking; Q asks #1 way to decrease risk of recurrent stroke. What is the answer?

Lisinopril

A 66M + experiences retinal artery occlusion + has Hx of hypertension and smoking; carotid duplex ultrasonography shows 90% occlusion; Q asks what’s the best way to decrease recurrence of stroke. What is the answer?

Carotid endarterectomy

A 50F + subarachnoid hemorrhage; Q asks biggest risk factor. What is the answer?

Hypertension (HTN)

An 82F + wobbly gait for 4 months + head CT shows crescent-shaped bleed; Q asks what is biggest risk factor. What is the risk factor?

Elderly have reduced cerebral volume

A 14M + hits head while skateboarding + loses consciousness briefly + head CT shows biconvex-shaped bleed; Q asks what is major risk factor. What is the risk factor?

temporal trauma resulting in rupture of middle meningeal artery

An 81M + Alzheimer + recurrent hemorrhagic stroke; Q asks what is major risk factor for the bleeds. What is the risk factor?

Amyloid angiopathy

A 70M + high creatinine + taking amitriptyline; Q wants to know best way to prevent this patient’s condition. What is the best way to prevent this patient's condition?

Avoidance of anticholinergic medications

A 25M + uses a variety of illicit drugs + develops Parkinsonism; Q asks what is a risk factor. What is the risk factor?

MPTP use (synthetic heroin)

A neonate born with spina bifida in mother who takes various medications; Q asks what is a risk factor. What is the risk factor?

Antiepileptics (especially valproic acid)

A 35F + pregnant + high AFP measurement despite correct dates; Q asks Dx + risk factor. What is the Dx and risk factor?

Folate (B9) deficiency

A 60F + lung cancer + difficulty getting up from chair a few times; Q asks Dx + risk factor. What is the Dx and risk factor?

Lambert-Eaton due to small cell (anti-presynaptic voltage-gated Ca channel antibodies)

A 60F + lung cancer + ataxia; Q asks Dx + risk factor. What is the Dx and risk factor?

Small cell cerebellar dysfunction (anti-Hu/-Yo) Abs

A 35F + worsening diplopia, dysphagia, and eyelid ptosis over the course of the day; Q asks Dx and risk factor. What is the dx and risk factor?

Myasthenia gravis (Abs against post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors); often idiopathic, but can be due to thymoma as risk factor.