Roman Republic Sources

Appian, The Civil Wars

Narrative of Rome’s internal conflicts in the late Republic.

Caesar, De Bello Gallico

Caesar’s firsthand account of his conquest of Gaul.

Caesar, The Civil War

Caesar’s account of his conflict with Pompey.

Cicero, Letters to Atticus

Personal letters revealing Roman politics and daily life.

Cicero, Pro Caelio

Speech defending Caelius and attacking Clodia’s credibility.

Cicero, Pro Milone

Speech defending Milo for killing Clodius.

Livy, Ab Urbe Condita

Monumental history of Rome from its founding onward.

Plutarch, Parallel Lives

Biographies pairing Greek and Roman figures to teach moral lessons.

Polybius, The Histories

Analysis of Rome’s rise to Mediterranean power.

Sallust, The Jugurthine War

Account of corruption exposed during the war with Jugurtha.

Sallust, The War with Catiline

Narrative of Catiline’s conspiracy.

Vergil, Aeneid

Epic poem linking Rome’s origins to Aeneas.