AP US Gov Unit 4

Individualism

A social and political philosophy that promotes individual well-being over the well-being of society as a whole.

Equality of Opportunity

The belief that each person should have an equal chance at success and that no person should be limited by circumstances outside of her control

Free Enterprise

The ability of individual people and businesses to make money with minimal interference by the government.

Rule of Law

everyone, including those in power, must obey the laws and that laws are enforced fairly and consistently.

Limited Government

a political system where the powers of the government are restricted by law, usually through a written constitution.

Political Socialization

the process by which people form their political attitudes and beliefs.

Political Culture

widely shared beliefs and values about how citizens relate to government

Opinion Polls

interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings & beliefs of the entire population.

Tracking Polls

continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidate's daily rise or fall in support.

Exit Polls

a poll of people leaving a polling place, asking how they voted

Sampling Techniques

the process of studying the population by gathering information and analyzing that data.

Sampling Error

occurs when the results of the survey differ from the “true” population result.

Democratic Party

It aligns with liberalism(the “left-wing”) as it emphasizes the need for social equality and justice

Republican Party

It aligns with conservatism (the “right-wing) as it often focuses on preserving order and advocates for less government interference in citizens’ lives

Conservative Ideology

ideology, which seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values.

Liberal Ideology

based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.

Libertarian Ideology

They advocate a much smaller government; one that is limited to protecting individuals from coercion and violence. Tend to embrace individual responsibility, oppose government bureaucracy and taxes, promote private charity, tolerate diverse lifestyles, support the free market, and defend civil liberties".

Keynesian Economics

The belief the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation. Economic Planning.

Supply-side economics

a macroeconomic concept that contends that increases in the supply of goods lead to economic growth.

Fiscal Policy

using government spending and taxation to influence the economy.

Monetary Policy

the use of the money supply and interest rates by the central bank (such as the Federal Reserve in the United States) to influence the economy.

the Federal Reserve

provides the nation with a safe, flexible, and stable monetary and financial system.