Appsych unit 3a

Teratogens

substances taken during pregnancy with the potential of harming the offspring.

1. Visual cliff -- 

1. An experimental setup used to test a Baby's development of depth perception.

1. Sensitive/critical period –

1. A period in time where your brain is more sensitive to information and more malleable overall relative to any other point in your life

Puberty

A point in one's life where they are growing towards sexual maturity

Menopause

When a woman's ability to procreate slowly deteriorates

1. Sensorimotor stage

The first cognitive stage spans from 0 - 2y where babies are developing their sensory and motor skills.

Object permanence

1. The acknowledgement that an object still exists regardless of whether it is being perceived.

1. Conservation

1. The understanding of the basic properties of matter and volume.

1. Animism

1. The personification of an object, when a child gives an inanimate object emotions.

Egocentrism

1. A child's inability to acknowledge the perspective of others.

1. Theory of mind

The concept that every other mind is capable of thought just like ours.

Preoperational stage

1. The second cognitive stage in which a 2-7 year old child is in the process of learning language and other basic cognitive skills.

Concrete operational stage

The third cognitive stage in which an 8 - 11 year old child learns logic and basic worldly principles like conservation.

Formal operational stage

The fourth and final stage of cognitive development in which a person of 12 years or older develops and improves upon abstract thoughts and hypothetical thinking using deductive logic.

zone of proximal development

The difference between one's ability to perform a task independently versus with a mentor's guidance.

Authoritarian parenting style

Strict parenting

1. Authoritative parenting style

1. A balanced parenting style

1. Permissive parenting style

1. A passive parenting style

1. Secure attachment

The belief that your needs will be met

1. Anxious attachment style

1. Cannot rely on their needs being met however overly clingy yet scared likely due to trauma

Temperament

1. The innate traits that influence how children respond to their environment.

Parallel play

Playing different games yet still playing together

1. Pretend play

Playing pretend

1. Adolescent egocentrism

When an adolescent believes that their experiences are unique and others are always watching them.

Emerging adulthood

When a young adult going into their 20s embarks on a journey of self discovery .

1. Imprinting

1. The phenomenon in which an animal, usually a bird, forms a strong attachment to the first moving object it sees during birth.

Identity diffusion

Low identity exploration and low commitment (doesn’t know where they’re going in life)

1. Crystallized intelligence

1. World knowledge

1. Fluid intelligence

1. Deductive and abstract reasoning 

1. Trust vs mistrust stage

When a newborn is first learning who they can trust

1. Identity and role confusion stage

1. Where teens establish a sense of self and purpose.

Generativity versus stagnation

1. Where adults seek to contribute to the next generation of humanity.