5. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

XXY chromosome

XXY chromosome

Klinefelter’s syndrome

XO

Turner’s syndrome

2 cell population from different individual as in freemartins

Chimeras

2 cell population from same individual

Mosaics

a genetic female born co-twin with a male

freemartin

ovary and testis present in same individual

True hermaphrodites

XX + ovary

Female pseudohermaphrodite

XY + testis

Male pseudohermaphrodite

may lead to pyometra, lysis of CL in pigs and persistent CL in cattle

Segmental aplasia

mild & nonclinical, <3 wks

Endometritis

persisting for > 3 wks

Postpuerperal metritis

toxemia < 3 wks

Toxic puerperal metritis

accumulation of pus in uterine lumen

pyometra

severe inflamm, fibrinonecrotic or purulent exudate

acute endometritis

gland dilation, squamous metaplasia & hyperplasia or atrophy

chronic endometritis

leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)

uterine tumor

dead fetus is retained indefinitely & becomes dehydrated

mummification

dead fetus is retained but infected by lytic/putrefactive bacteria

maceration

explosion of fetus prior to time of expected viability

abortion

delivery of dead fetus at time of expected viability

stillbirth

zoonosis; placental infx in pregnant animals

brucellosis

embryonic & early fetal death in cattle, late abortion in sheep

Campylobacteriosis

common cause of sporadic abortion in cattle

Arcanobacteriosis

involves fungi which traveled to the placenta hematogenously

mycotic abortions

involves viruses and many are teratogenic

viral abortions

excess of viscous fluid accumulates slowly in amniotic sac

hydramnios

excess of watery fluid and accumulates rapidly in late pregnancy

hydrallantois

caused by various teratogens

teratology

cause cystic ovarian disease

Follicular & luteinized cysts

to low LH release by pituitary

Cystic ovarian disease

infx in teat canal

mastitis

most common site for tumors in dogs after the skin

mammary neoplasia

hydatid of Morgagni

appendix testis

incomplete descent of testis, no spermatogenesis but prone to neoplasia

cryptorchidism

small or normal-sized testis with incomplete development of seminiferous tubules

testicular neoplasia

most common cause of infertility

testicular degeneration

inflammation of testis

orchitis

may or may not produce androgens or estrogens, prone to hemorrhage and necrosis

interstitial cell tumor

usually benign, rarely malignant, but often produces estrogen & feminizing effects; prostate may also be enlarged

sertoli cell tumor

prevalent in cryptorchid testis; white mass of lymphoid tissue

seminoma

rare germ cell tumor seen more in cryptorchids. Tumor may contain hair, bone, cartilage, etc.

teratome

lead to spermatocele or spermatic granuloma

Segmental aplasia

irregular nodular enlargement and mostly ascending infx

infectiouos epididymitis

caseous mass resembling Tb

spermatic granuloma