honors bio final exam me

proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations hypothesis

hypothesis

numbers, obtained by counting or measuring

quantitative data

description that involves characteristics that can’t be measured (short/tall, color big/small)

qualitative data

steps or procedures scientists use to learn about the natural world

scientific method

a state of balance among all the body systems needed to survive and function correctly

homeostasis

smallest unit of organism considered alive

cell

2 cells from different parent unite to form new, unique cell

sexual reproduction

1 parent cell makes offspring identical to itself

asexual reproduction

organisms can be unicellular or multicellular

made of cells

DNA is tested in a crime scene evidence to determine the source of the blood

based on universal genetic code

blood cells are differentiated from muscles cells

grow and develop

sarah ate three cheeseburgers for lunch

obtain and use energy

plants react to the sun by growing toward the light

respond to environment/stimulus

a person gets goosebumps in a cold theater

maintain a stable internal environment

a frog releases sperm onto a clump of female eggs to produce 500 tadpoles

reproduce

size of horses changed over millions of years

populations evolve

manipulated variable, changed by experimenter

independent variable

responding variable, is observed and changes in response to the experiment

dependent variable

dependent variable is on the x/y axis?

y axis

independent variable is on the x/y axis?

x axis

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

light pases through 2 lenses to create image, mag. up to 2000x

A.

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

uses beams of electrons to view images, mag up to 50millionx

B.

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

can study both dead and alive organisms

A.

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

views objects smaller than 0.2 micrometers

B.

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

specimens must be dead

B.

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

A.

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

B.

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

small, less expensive, protable

A.

A. compound light microscopes B. electron microscopes

large, expensive, not protable

B.

1?

body tube

2?

revolving nose piece

3?

low power objective

4?

medium power objective

5?

high power objective

6?

stage clips

7?

diaphragm

8?

light source

9?

ocular lense

10?

arm

11?

stage

12?

coarse adjustment knob

13?

fine adjustment kob

14?

base

nuclei are unstable and break down overtime and give off radiation

isotope

number of protons in nucleus of an atom

atomic number

total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

mass number

molecule that gained or lost 1+ electron(s)

ion

properties of compounds different from elements

emergent properties

chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom

ionic bond

chemical bond when electrons are shared by atoms

covalent bond

covalent bond when electron is shared unevenly due to difference in electronegativity

polar

an atom having four covalent bonds b/c of 4 valence electrons

tetravalent

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

main energy source; plants and some animals use for structure

D.

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

found in food such as starches, fiber, and sugar

D.

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

what molecule is this?

D.

\
A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

functions include storing energy, forming membranes, waterproof coverings

A.

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

fats, oils, wax

A.

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

what molecule is this?

A.

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

functions include, contain genetic or hereditary info, instructions for making proteins

B.

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

what molecule is this?

B.

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

functions include, controlling rate of reactions and cell processes, form bones and muscles, transport substances in and out of cells, fight diseases

C.

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

has 4 structures

C .

A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate

what molecule is this?

c.

T/F: cohesion is the attraction between water molecules and different substances?

F

T/F: cohesion is attraction between molecules of same substance

T

T/F: adhesion is attraction between molecules of same substance

F

T/F: adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and different substances?

T

ice floats because it has a higher/lower density than water

lower

T/F: it takes a lot of energy to break hydrogen bonds in water

T

contains ribosomes and makes proteins to be exported by the cell

rough ER

small, dense core of nucleus, makes ribosomes

nucleolus

makes proteins, made of RNA, found in cytoplasm/rough ER

ribosome

capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food, carry out photosynthesis, found in plant and algae ONLY

chloroplast

modifies, sorts, and packages molecules, stack of membranes

golgi apparatus

helps cell maintain shape, form flexible framework, make cilia and flagella

cytoskeleton

convert chemical energy (food) into energy that can be used by the cell (ATP), made of 2 membranes

mitochondria

1?

cell wall

2?

cytoplasm

3?

nuclear envlope

5?

nucleolus

6?

chromatin

7?

vacule

8?

ribosome

9?

rough ER

10?

lysosome

11?

mitochondria

12?

smooth ER

13?

golgi apparatus

A?

phosopholipid

F?

peripheral protein

G?

integral protein

C?

glycoprotein

B?

glycolipid

E?

cholesterol

D?

carbohydrate

found on inside of membrane, connecting points for cytoskeleton, help to transmit signals from outside cell

peripheral protein

pass all the way through the membrane, serves as transmet channels or pumps

integral protein

acts as a waterproof barrier to protect the cell, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail, main component of the bilayer

phospholipid

attach to proteins

glycoprotein

attach to phospholipids

glycolipids