Functional Morphology of the Cell

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts from the lecture on the functional morphology of cells, focusing on organelles, their functions, and associated structures.

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Nuclear Envelope

A double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus, providing a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle composed of a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis; has rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes) regions.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that functions in packaging and distributing molecules synthesized in the cell.

Lysosome

A membrane-bound organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes for digestion and breakdown of waste materials within the cell.

Peroxisome

A single-membrane organelle that contains enzymes for oxidative reactions, involved in fatty acid oxidation and detoxification.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that provides structural support, shape, and movement within the cell, composed of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.

Centrioles

Paired barrel-shaped structures located near the nucleus in animal cells, involved in organizing microtubules.

Laminopathies

A group of genetic disorders caused by defects in the nuclear lamina, affecting nuclear structure and function.

Cardiolipin

A key phospholipid localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane, essential for maintaining mitochondrial functions.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death, a vital process for normal development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.