formal language metalanguage

FL purposes: Reinforce or challenge ——, ——- hierarchies and rapport

Social distance, relationship hierarchies

Features supporting social distance, hierarchy and rapport

Jargon- creating a disconnect in those who know and not, establishing social distance

Euphemisms- maintain social harmony, and increase social distance

Agentless passive- social distance

Compound complex and complex = subordination, social distance of confusing

reinforce auth- and exp-

Authority and expertise

Authority

Imbalance in power e.g political or corporate

Expertise

Imbalance in knowledge- field specific, surgeon vs normal person

Promote in group solidarity

Solidarity- common beliefs, experience, values, knowledge-sledge between people (broader)

In group membership: values, (more specific)

Features supporting in group solidarity

Celebrate and commemorate

Sense of grandiosity

Respect /solemnity/ seriousness

Features of celebration and commemoration

Proper nouns→more respect

Euphemisms→ respect

Honorifics → honour and respect them

Abstract nouns → conceptual

“Immortalising the fallen, and the values they embody”

To clarify, manipulate or obfuscate

Depending on the audience it can clarify, manipulate or obfuscate

When does it clarify

Between professionals of same knowledge

When manipulate or obfuscate

between professional and outsider/layperson

Where can this be found

Political and corporate domains,

Doublespeak

Doublespeak = language that is intentionally used to mislead… for a self centred motive

→euphemism

→jargon

Something could seem like on the outside, to maintain social harmony could also be to manipulate etc using doublespeak

Medical euphemisms- not inherently doublespeak because the intention is to…→ maintain social harmony

Negotiate social taboos → promotes social harmony

To maintain the societal harmony and not offend people

Features for negotiate social taboos and non discriminatory language

Euphemisms and non discriminatory language (pc)