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Growth Hormone / Somatotropin (GH)
Function: Stimulates growth in children and adolescents, metabolism rate, maintains body structure
Released from: Anterior Pituitary
Acts on: Bones, Cartilage, adipose, muscle
Type: Direct/indirect hormone peptide
Inhibited: REM sleep and somatostatin
Oxytocin
Function: Milk Ejection and Uterine Contractions
Released from: posterior pituitary
Acts on: Breasts and uterus
Type: Peptide and direct hormone
Inhibited: Relaxin
Anti-Diuretic Hormone / Vasopressin (ADH)
Function: increase water reabsorption, regulates BP by vasoconstriction
Released from: Posterior Pituitary
Acts on: Kidneys and blood vessels
Type: Peptide and direct hormone
Inhibited: Atrial Naturietic Peptide ANP and Alcohol and calcium
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Function: thryoid releasse of T3 and T4 to regulate heartrate, body temp, metabolism
Released from: Anterior Pituitary
Acts on: Thyroid gland
Type: Indirect hormone and peptide
Inhibited: negative feedback of T3 and T4
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Function: Sperm and Egg production
Released from: Anterior Gland
Acts on: Ovaries and Testes
Type: indirect and peptide
Inhibited: progesterone
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Function: function to increasing production of progesterone and testosterone
Released from: Anterior Pituitary
Acts on: Leydig cells and ovaries
Type: indirect and peptide
Inhibited: estrogen progesterone, testosterone, and ghrelin
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Function: To release cortisol in response to stress to regulate glucose protein and lipid metabolism
Released from: Anterior Pituitary
Acts on: Adrenal Glands
Type: indirect and peptide
Inhibited: by cortisol
Prolactin
Function: Milk production and plays role in breast development
Released from: Anterior Pituitary
Acts on: mammillary glands
Type: peptide hormone and direct
Inhibited: dopamine
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Function: release TSH
Released from: Hypothalamus
Acts on: Pituitary gland
Type: Peptide Hormone and indirect
Inhibited: T3 and T4
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Function: release FSH and LH
Released from: Hypothalamus
Acts on: Pituitary gland
Type: Peptide Hormone and indirect
Inhibited: by progesterone and Testosterone
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Function: to release GH
Released from: Hypothalamus
Acts on: Pituitary gland
Type: Peptide Hormone and indirect
Inhibited: inhibited by somatostatin
corticotropin releasing Hormone
Function: to release ACTH
Released from: Hypothalamus
Acts on: Pituitary gland
Type: Peptide Hormone and indirect
Inhibited: by cortisol
Ghrelin
Function: regulates appetite, the hunger hormone
Released from: stomach by G cells in period of fasting
Acts on: Brain
Type: Peptide hormone and direct hormone
Inhibited: inhibited by presence of food and leptin and insulin
Leptin
Function: decrease hnger
Released from: Adipocytes
Acts on: Brain and hypothalamus
Type: Direct hormone and peptide
Inhibited: absence of food, ghrelin, and glucagon
Cortisol
Function: increase blood sugar in response to stress and suppresses immune system and regulates BP
Released from: Adrenal Cortex
Acts on: Liver muscle adipose tissue and pancreas
Type: direct and steroid
Inhibited: regulation of stress and healthy lifestyle and leptin and morphine
Calcitriol
Function: to increase Ca levels in blood
Released from: Kidneys stimulated by PTH and Prolactin
Acts on: bone osteoclasts
Type: direct and steroid hormone
Inhibited: Increase Blood Ca levels and Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Function: to regulate Ca levels in blood
Released from: parathyroid gland
Acts on: Kidneys bones and intestines
Type: direct and peptide hormone
Inhibited: Ca homeostasis
Calcitonin
Function: Regulates blood Ca and inhibits Osteo clasts to reduce Ca levels
Released from: C-cells of thyroid gland
Acts on: bone osteoclasts
Type: Peptide hormone
Inhibited: by low Ca and somatostatin
epinephrine
Function: increase HR increase blood sugar and vasoconstriction and dilate bronchi
Released from: adrenal medulla
Acts on: Heart
Type: indirect and amine
Inhibited: by beta blockers
norepinephrine
Function: increase HR increase blood sugar and vasoconstriction and dilate bronchi
Released from: Adrenal Medulla
Acts on: Blood Vessels
Type: indirect and amine
Inhibited: Healthy stress free life and antidepressants
Melatonin
Function: synchronize bodies internal clock with environment
Released from: pineal gland in response to darkness and circadian rhythm
Acts on: hypothalamus
Type: peptide and direct
Inhibited: by light exposure and stress
Aldosterone / Mineralocorticoids
Function: increase BP and electrolyte balance. Na reabsorbing and water retention
Released from: Adrenal cortex
Acts on: kidneys
Type: direct and steroid
Inhibited: dopamine and ANP
Insulin
Function: lower blood sugar and promotes glycogen storage
Released from: pancreas Beta cells
Acts on: blood vessels and liver
Type: peptide and direct hormone
Inhibited: by norepinephrine and somatostatin
Gucagon
Function: Raises blood sugar and promotes glycogen breakdown
Released from: Pancreas Alpha cells
Acts on: blood vessels and liver
Type: peptide and direct
Inhibited: high blood sugar and insulin and somatostatin
Somatostatin (Growth inhibiting hormone)
Function: inhibits release of other hormone and GI tract activity
Released from: Hypothalamus, GI Tract, pancreas, CNS, stimulated by gastrin
Acts on: everything
Type: peptide and direct
Inhibited: by a lot of other GH hormones and GHRH
Cholecystokinin / pancreozymin (CCK)
Function: to release bile to emulsify fast and pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes
Released from: small intestine
Acts on: gall bladder
Type: peptide and indirect
Inhibited: somatostatin, bile acids, trpysin
gastrin
Function: stimulates release of gastric acid HCl
Released from: release from G cells in SI and stomach
Acts on: parietal cells
Type: peptide hormone
Inhibited: somatostatin, secretin, acid
Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4 inactive T3)
Function: regulates metabolism, digestive, HR, essential for normal growth, and bone development. Increases alertness. Increases HR and blood volume. Increases Protein synthesis and breakdown
Released from: Thyroid gland
Acts on: everywhere
Type: amine and direct
Inhibited: by high T3 and T4
Secretin
Function: stimulates release of juices from pancreas to neutralize stomach acid and inhibits more stomach acid production
Released from: Small intestine
Acts on: Pancreas, liver, and gall bladder
Type: peptide and direct
Inhibited: somatostatin
Testosterone
Function: sperm production, muscle mass, and bone density
Released from: Leydig cells
Acts on: testes, bones, and muscle
Type: steroid and direct
Inhibited: cortisol and estrogen
Estrogen
Function: effect formation of endometrium tissue through the menstrual cycle
Released from: ovaries
Acts on: ovaries, uterine,
Type: steroid and direct
Inhibited: progesterone, testosterone, prolactin, thyroid hormone
Progesterone
Function: prepares uterine lining for implantation of fertilized egg
Released from: corpus luteum
Acts on: uterine lining
Type: steroid and direct
Inhibited: death of corpus luteum, placenta, cortisol
Relaxin
Function: soften and dilate the cervix making child birth easier
Released from: corpus luteum and placenta
Acts on: cervix
Type: peptide and direct
Inhibited: child born
Atrial Naturiatic Peptide / factor (ANP)
Function: lowers BP, through vasodilation and water excretion and inhibits RAAS system
Released from: atria of the Heart
Acts on: blood vessels and kidneys
Type: peptide hormone and direct
Inhibited: Angiotensin II and High ANP levels
Angiotensin II
Function: raising blood pressure through vasoconstriction and stimulates the release of aldosterone and ADH
Released from: adrenal glands
Acts on: kidneys and blood vessels
Type: peptide and indirect
Inhibited: high blood and ACTH and ANP and dopamine
Dopamine
Function: effects CNS and PNS involved in award motivation and movement control. Happy hormone
Released from: release from hypothalamus
Acts on: everywhere
Type: amine and direct hormone
Inhibited: parkinson’s disease, serotonin, prolactin, and growth hormone
Serotonin
Function: mood sleep and digestive
Released from: hypothalamus
Acts on: Brain and rest of the body
Type: amine hormone and direct
Inhibited: dopamine, estrogen