Protein Synthesis & Genetic Code

28 fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering transcription, RNA processing, translation, the genetic code, and protein folding.

The process where DNA is converted into mRNA is called __.

Transcription

The process where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain is called __.

Translation

The copy of DNA that leaves the nucleus to be used in protein synthesis is __.

mRNA

Protein translation occurs at the __.

Ribosome

A sequence of three bases on mRNA is called a __.

Codon

A sequence of three bases on tRNA is called an __.

Anticodon

The non-coding segments of mRNA that are removed before translation are __.

Introns

The coding segments of mRNA that remain for translation are __.

Exons

The nuclear process that removes introns and joins exons together is __.

RNA processing (splicing)

Three bases on mRNA specify one __.

Amino acid

A chain consisting of many amino acids is a __.

Polypeptide chain

The bond linking amino acids in a protein is a __ bond.

Peptide

The enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from DNA is __.

RNA polymerase

The RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome is __.

tRNA

The repeating subunits of a polypeptide chain are __.

Amino acids

A codon that signals the end of translation is called a __ codon.

Termination (stop)

A codon that signals the beginning of translation is called a __ codon.

Start

The universal start codon sequence is __.

AUG (Met)

mRNA exits the nucleus through a __.

Nuclear pore

The RNA read to determine the amino-acid sequence is __.

mRNA

The phenomenon that several different codons can specify the same amino acid is called genetic __.

Degeneracy

The DNA strand used to transcribe mRNA is the __ strand.

Coding strand

The principle that DNA → RNA → Protein is known as the __.

Central Dogma

The four sequential stages of protein synthesis are transcription, RNA processing, translation, and __.

Protein folding

Transcription and RNA processing take place in the __ of the cell.

Nucleus

After translation, the polypeptide travels to the __ for folding into a functional protein.

Golgi bodies

Translation takes place in the __ of the cell.

Cytoplasm

RNA polymerase begins copying the template strand from the __ end.

3' end