Biodiversity (protists and byrophytes)

Protists

Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals

Morphology of protists

Mostly unicellular

Clade

a group of organisms believed to comprise all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor.

3 ways proitists take up nutrition

photoautotrophs, heterortrophs, mixotrophs

3 different sexual life cycles of protists

Haploid dominant

Diploid dominant

Alt of gen

Endosymbiont

an organism that lives inside another organism (its host)

How many membranes do plastids have?

2 (inner plasma mem and outer mem)

What did a plastid-bearing lineage give rise to?

2 lineages of photosynthetic protists: red algae, green algae

Why can’t all protists form a clade?

They are paraplyetic; excludes animals, plants, funig even if they evolved from protists

Heteromorphic

sporophytes and gametophytes are structurally different

Isomorphic generations

sporophytes and gametophytes look similar to each other but differ in chromosome number

Blooms

periods of explosive population growth

Dinoflagellate blooms

causes red tide

Red tide

toxins released can kill a lot of marine life, some can even be ingested by humans, oceam warming facilitated more frequent blooms

Importance of algae

primary producer, shelter, human food, fertilizer, thickening agent

What type of protist is seaweed?

Green algae, brown algae, red algae

Photosynthetic protists

Algae

Heterotrophic protists

slime molds

What does DNA sequence analysis indicate about the resemblence between slime molds and fungi?

Indicates that its a case of evolutionary convergence

2 types of slime molds

plasmodial, cellular

Dinoflagellates symbiosis

food-providing partners of the animal that build coral refs

30% of the world’s photosynthesis is performed by what?

diatoms, dinoflagellates, multicellular algae, other aquatic protists

Why do we want to keep nitrogen, phosporus, and iron concentrations low in aquatic environments?

when these nutrients are added by humans, abundance of photosynthetic protists can increase spectacularly

Ecological consequences of increase of photosynthetic protist abundance

formation of large “dead zones” in marine ecosystems

By what mechanism do rising sea surface temperatures reduce the growth of marine producers?

Many marine producers rely on butrients brought to the surface by upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich waters from below, warm water act s as a barrier, reducing marine producer growth