Kin 122 intro to research

did einstein say that imagination or knowledge was more important"?

imagination

what are the common characteristics of research

• systematic

• logical

• empirical

• reductive

• replicable

systematic

problems, methods, data analysis, interpretations, conclusions

logical

others can evaluate conclusions drawn

empirical

conclusions based on data

reductive

data used to establish more general relationships

replicable

the research process is recorded and others can repeat or build on that research

what were kowalski’s beliefs of the five worldviews

• postpositivism

• constructivism

• transformative

• pragmatism

• two-eyed seeing

postpositivism

based on the notion of a single reality and “objective truth”

Thomas’s 4 steps to the scientific method

1- develop the problem

2-formulate a hypothesis

3-gather data

4-analyze and interpret results

constructivism

based on the notion of multiple realities and meanings as varied and multiple

phenomenology

philosophical study of experience and consciousness

ethnography

study of people and cultures

transformative

based on the notion that research needs to be intertwined with politics and political agenda

pragmatism

based on the notion that research needs to be concerned with “what works” and solutions to problems

two eyed seeing

rooted in the belief that there are many ways of understanding the world, some represented by indiginous knowledge systems and others by european derived sciences

what are research designs

plans and procedures for research that span the decisions from broad assumptions to detailed methods of data collection and analysis

what is quantitative research

for theory testing, describing status on variables, and looking at relations among variables; typically uses numbers and the traditional scientific method

examples of quantitative research

measurement, statistics, protection against bias

what philosophical worldviews align with quantitative research?

postpositivism, pragmatic, two eyed seeing

3 forms of research questions in quantitative research

comparing groups, relating independent and dependent variables, and describe responses/status on a variable

independent and dependent variable

independent= what the researcher is manipulating

dependent= the effect of the independent variable

internal validity

extent to which the results can be attributed to the treatments used in the study

external validity

the generalizability of the results

what is qualitative research?

for exploring and understanding meanings ascribed by individuals or groups ; about themes and being creative

examples of qualitative research

documents, audiovisual material, observations, and interviews

what philopsophical worldviews align with qualitative research?

constructivism, transformative, pragmatic, two eyed seeing

explain the qualitative research project “creative habitat”

• they choreograph dances based on social problems and collect data; this one specifically on cancer

• people who have a dance background or a relative with cancer or cancer themselves may have a greater emotional response

what is mixed methods research

combines both qualitative and quantitative research

what philosophical views align with mixed methods research?

transformative, pragmatic, two eyed seeing

strengths of structural poetic transcription

• sensory activation

• visual barrier reduction

strengths of inherent poetic transcription

• reaches beyond academia

• complexity emerges

strengths of content poetic transcription

• individual voices

• multiple interpretations

why are statistics important

its an objective way of measuring data

what 2 things does statistics inform

reliability and meaningfullness

what does statistics measure

central tendency and variability

what worldviews does statistics use

top 2 are postpositivism and pragmatism

what is the most common measure of central tendency

mean

median

number occuring at the midpoint of the series

mode

most frequently occuring number

what is the best estimate of the spread of scores

variance

standard deviation

the square root of variance

what do many statistical tests base on assumption of

normal distribution

what does the “r” value represent and describe

correlation: describes the strength and direction between two variables

steps in qualitative data analysis

1: organize data

2: read data

3: start coding data

4: generate descriptions or themes

5: decide how the findings will be represented

6: interpret the findings