Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and The Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells study guide

Define prokaryotic

A cell without a nucleus

Define Eukaryotic

cell with a nucleus

What does the nucleus do?

stores DNA and directs all cellular activities

What does the DNA/Chromosomes do?

Information for making proteins

What does the ribosomes do?

make proteins

What does the ER do?

produces proteins and lipids

What do the lysosomes do?

membrane packages that break down with digestive enzymes

What does the mitochondria do?

produces energy

What does the Golgi apparatus do ?

It packages and ships proteins

What does the cytoplasm do?

holds organelles in place

What do the vesicles do?

move proteins and lipids from the ER's to the golgi apparatus

What does the vacuole do?

stores food, water, and waste

What do the pores/gated channels do?

Points of entry and exit for materials

What does the cell membrane do?

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

What is the main difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?

One is more complex than the other

What are the three bacterial shapes?

coccus, bacillus, spirillum

What is free-floating DNA?

its fragments circulate inside the cell.

What is the purpose of the flagellum?

Help the cell move

what structures do prokaryotic cells not have compared to eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria, nucleolus, nucleus, golgi apparatus

What parts do bacterial cells have?

Cytoplasm, free-floating DNA, ribosomes, cell wall, cell membrane, and sometimes a flagellum.

What is different between a plant and animal cell?

plant cells have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole. Animal cells have a lysosome, temporary vaucole, and vesicles, which are not found in plant cells.