BIOS 105

Organs are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells. This is an example of which characteristic of life?

Living things have levels of hierarchical organization

The smallest structural and functional unit in a multicellular organism is a

cell

Placing the levels of biological organization in the correct order

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

a multicellular, photosynthetic organism with complex, specialized cells and tissues would most likely be assigned to

kingdom Plantae

regions of the earth inhabited by living organisms are known collectively as

the biosphere

a community of organisms along with the surrounding physical environment constitutes an

ecosystem

which of the following might plausibly be said by a scientist

There is always a possibility that a more advanced experiment might falsify my hypothesis

Which of the following represents a potential threat to biodiversity

Humans clear land for agriculture and housing

If a new anti-cancer drug is found to be effective in initial tests with mice, what might researchers conclude?

the drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans

when you are overheated, you perspire, and when you are too cold, you shiver to generate heat. Which property of life is best represented by this example

homeostasis

the bones in a bird are hollow, reducing its weight for flight. This is an example of which characteristic of life?

Living organisms adapt to their environment

which classification category includes the most species

kingdom

all the banded sunfish in a pond would comprise a

population

when comparing energy and chemicals in an ecosystem

chemicals cycle over and over again but energy does not cycle

The nucleus of an atom contains

protons and neutrons

subatomic particles that are found orbiting the nucleus of an atom

electrons

the chemical reactivity of an element is dependent on

the number of electrons in the outermost shell

isotopes of a given element have

the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass

correct sequence of bonds in order from strongest to weakest

single-covalent-double covalent-ionic-hydrogen

hydrogen-double covalent-single covalent-ionic

ionic-double covalent-single covalent-hydrogen

double covalent-single covalent-ionic-hydrogen

double covalent-single covalent-ionic-hydrogen

which of the following types of lipids is the most abundant constituent of cell membranes

phospholipid

the primary function of carbohydrates is

quick fuel and short-term energy storage

enzymes are organic compounds classified as

proteins

… is a polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls and accounts for their strength

cellulose

organic molecules

always contain carbon and hydrogen

rainwater ph between 5 and 4, normal amount is 5.6 which statement is true

the pH of the rainwater has become more acidic

buffers…

keep the pH within normal limits

expected pH for blood

7\.4

since pure water is neutral in pH, it contains

an equal number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions

rainwater forms ‘beads’ on the car, this is an example of what property of water

cohesion

dissociation

high heat of vaporization

adhesion

cohesion

water is a liquid at room temperature, this is due to

hydrogen bonding between water molecules

the alternate forms of a gene for the same trait are known as

alleles

Mendel’s law of segregation implies that the two members of an allele pair

are distributed to separate gametes

in which kind of monohybrid cross would you expect to find a phenotypic ration of 3:1 among the offspring

heterozygous x heterozygous

when pairs of factors separate independently of other pairs of factors, this is known as

the law of independent assortment

two true breeding rose bushes, a cross between these two yields a rose bush with two color flowers. Each flower is both red and white. This is an example of

codominance

the leaves of a maple tree vary in size depending on the location of the leaves on the tree. This allows leaves that are growing in the shade to have a larger surface area. This is an example of

response to environmental factors

which of the following produces an intermediate phenotype

incomplete dominance

The child’s blood type is AB and Miss Z’s blood type is A. Which blood type(s) would eliminate Mr. X as a possible father of the child?

either A or O

The inheritance of blood types in humans can be explained by

multiple alleles

in which way would males and females differ in terms of chromosomes

the types of sex chromosomes

the location of a gene on a chromosome is called

a locus

genes on the same chromosome are more likely to assort independently if

they are located far apart

a normal male marries a color-blind woman. what perfect of their female children will be color-blind?

0%

when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, this is termed

nondisjunction

the most common autosomal abnormality seen among humans is

trisomy 21

Down syndrome can occur

if the sperm has an extra copy of chromosome 21

Genes on which chromosome determine the sex of a child

Y chromosome

If a person inherits two X chromosomes, this individual will be

female

An individual who has an XXY combination of sex chromosomes is said to have

Klinefelter syndrome

it is possible to assert that XYY results from nondisjunction during

spermatogenesis

which disorder was common among the royal families of Europe

hemophilia

A person with an XO genotype is classified as having

Turner syndrome

Males can have Klinefelter (XXY), XYY, and normal XY chromosomal combinations; and females can have Turner (XO), poly x (XXX,XXXX) and normal XX combinations, it is obvious that

male characteristics result from the minimal presence of one Y chromosome

the cell theory states

all organisms are composed of cells

Surface - area - to volume ratios indicate

as cells get larger their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases

which of the following is a prokaryotic cell

bacterium

which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell

plasma membrane

a researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone. Under the microscope she observes what appear to be living cells in the water. If these indeed are living cells, which type of cell would they most likely be?

prokaryotic, archaea

within eukaryotic cells, which organelle is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis?

nucleus

which structure is only found in plant cells

chloroplasts

correct association of cell organelles and function

vacuole - storage of chemicals

microtubules:

form a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner

which of the following would be considered evidence that chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis?

isolated chloroplasts give off oxygen when exposed to sunlight

which organelle will give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants?

chloroplast

Process of photosynthesis is represented by:

solar energy + carbon dioxide + water = carbohydrate + oxygen

solar energy + oxygen + water = carbohydrate + oxygen

solar energy + carbon dioxide + water = carbohydrate + oxygen

both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both

need ATP for energy

the cell cycle consists of

mitosis and interphase

following a cut or a scrape, which process repairs your skin

mitosis

Correct sequence of the cell cycle

G1 - S - G2 - M

during which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?

interphase

if their sperm contain 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do diploid cells in horses contain?

64

in humans the diploid number of chromosomes is

46

you are looking at a single chromosome in a human being. assuming there is no crossing over, what is the source of all the genes on this chromosome?

either the mother or father

if the total number of chromosomes in a cell is six, then after mitosis there will be

six chromosomes in each daughter cell

during which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear and the chromosomes become distinct?

prophase

correct sequence of mitosis

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

during which phases of mitosis do the chromosomes look like Xs

prophase and metaphase

During crossing over

chromatids exchange segments of genetic material

the second meiotic division is essentially a mitotic division except for the fact that the cells produced are

haploid

which of the following is a plant with no true roots, leaves, or stem

liverwort

the vascular tissue by which water and minerals are transported through a fern is called

xylem

Compared to bryophytes, ferns are better adapted to life on land because ferns

have vascular tissue

which of the following is classified as a gymnosperm

cycad

which vascular plants have seeds

gymnosperms

which of these may occur in both angiosperms and gymnosperms

wind pollination

Gladioulus produces leaves with parallel veins and a fibrous root system. This plant is a

monocot

The structure that forms most of the flesh of an apple is the

ovary

Which part of the flower protects the flower bud before it opens?

sepals

Ovules are contained within the

ovary

botanically a seed is a structure developed from an

ovule

the function of the seed coat is to

provide a protective coating for the embryo

which statement applies specifically to angiosperms

the flower is a diploid structure produced by the sporophyte

if a plant has flower petals that are small and the same color as its leaves, it is likely to be pollinated by

the wind

which of the following is considered a vegetable

tomato

grapes

squash

celery stalks

celery stalks

showy flowers are most likely to be pollinated by

insects or birds

most of the water obtained by a plant enters through the

root hairs

which of the following is a major function of roots?

absorb water and minerals

produce hormones

anchor and support the plant

which of the following are a reproductive structure of a plant

flowers

which part of the flower attracts pollinators

petals

which of the following is considered a male structure within a flower

anther