Sex Ed Final

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Reproductive system

the system of organs involved in producing offspring

Sperm

the male reproductive cells

98.6

Sperm cannot live up to a temperature of ___ degrees

3-7

sperm can live up to ___ days

scrotum

an external skin sac that holds the testes. they regulate the temperature of the sperm.

Epididymis

the tubes in each teste where the mature sperm are held

Penis

A tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk or the body

3

There are __ fluids that make up semen

Seminal vesicle fluid, prostate gland fluid, and cowper’s gland fluid.

What are the 3 fluids that make up semen?

Seminal vesicle

nourishing fluid for the sperm.

60

The seminal vesicle makes up ___ percent of semen

Prostate gland

secretes a fluid that neutralizes the acidity in the vagina so the sperm can survive

Cowper’s gland

secretes a fluid that helps carry and protect the sperm by lubricating the urethra and neutralizing any bacteria that might be present.

Ejaculation

when the penis becomes erect and transfers the semen into the female

300-500

As many as ____ millions to ____ million sperm are released in the average ejaculation

Sterility

The inability to reproduce/conceive at all

20

Sterility is fewer that ___ million sperm

Ova (ovum)

Female reproductive cells

400,000

At birth a female is born with approximately ____ immature OVA

24

The ova will live up to __ hours

Uterus

A hollow, muscular, pea shaped organ inside a females body that nourishes and protects the fetus until birth.

Ovaries

The female sex glands that store the ova and produce sex hormones

Estrogen

female sex hormone

Progesterone

Female sex hormone that prepares the body for pregnancy

Ovulation

The process of releasing a mature ovum into the Fallopian tube each month. Each month the ovaries alternate ovulation one month the right, next month the left.

Fallopian tubes

A pair of tubes with finger-like projections that draw In the OVUM.

Vagina

A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body.

Cervix

the opening of the uterus

Endometrium

the tissue lining the uterus. This lining thickens each month preparing for the fertilized egg.

menstruation

The shedding of the uterus lining.

14

Hormones signal an ovary to release another ovum around day __ of the cycle.

28

The uterus lining builds up again and if pregnancy does not occur another menstrual period begins around day ___.

Fertilization

Union of the sperm and egg

zygote

as soon as fertilization takes place the cell is called a _______.

Implantation

when the zygote attached to the uterus wall

embryo

the cluster of cells that develop between the 3rd and 8th week

Fetus

after the 8th week the group of cells are called this

respiratory - digestive

the first layer of an embryo becomes the ______ and _______ systems.

second

The ______ layer develops into the muscles, bones, blood vessels, and skin.

Amniotic sac

A thin, fluid filled membrane that surrounds and protects the developing embryo. Forms and protects and insulates embryo.

Umbilical cord

A rope like structure that connects the embryo and the mothers placenta.

9

It takes __ months for the fetus to fully develop. It is broken up into 3 trimesters.

0-14

First trimester (_______ weeks) spinal cord develops, brain, ears arm, hands, feet, fingers, toes and heart form. About an inch long, nervous system can respond to stimuli. Towards the end, sex organs develop, can suck thumb or make crying motions.

15-18

Second trimester (_______ weeks) fetus can blink, limbs fully develop, and eyebrows and eyelashes develop. Fetus can kick and become active the fetus can hear, has a regular cycle of sleeping, weight increases, 12 inches long.

29-40

Third trimester ( _______ weeks) the fetus uses all 5 senses, bladder begins to work, baby weighs between 6-9 pounds on average and is ready to be born.

Stage 1 of the birthing process

Dilation

Dilation

contractions cause the stretching of cervix. At the end of this stage the amniotic sac will break and the baby’s head will be resting on the cervix.

Stage 2 of the birthing process

Passage through birth canal

Passage through birth canal

This is considered the stage of labor.

10

The cervix is dilated ( __cm) during labor.

This is stage 3 of the birthing process

afterbirth

Afterbirth

The placenta is still attached and the umbilical cord is cut to separates the baby from the placenta.

10-15

Contractions continue after birth for _____ minutes to push out the placenta.

Nutrients and Pre-Natal vitamins

To ensure optimal health the mother needs to take in many _________________.

Calcium

important to build strong bones and heart rhythm

protein

helps form muscle and tissue

iron

makes red blood cells that supply oxygen

Vitamin A and B complex

helps with eye, bone and nervous system development

Folic Acid

Critical part of spinal fluid and prevents defects and miscarriages

Physical deformities

Alcohol fetal syndrome can cause mental retardation, learning disabilities, serious behavior problems, slowed growth, and _____________.

Tobacco

_________ users have babies born with premature with slow mental development and serious health problems.

10

Tobacco users that have babies accounts for about __ percent of all infant deaths.

Stillbirth

a dead fetus expelled from the body after the 20th week. sometimes they can go to full term.

Ecotopic pregnancy

when the zygote implants in the Fallopian tubes, abdomen, ovary, or cervix. It occurs when the fertilized egg cannot pass into the uterus.

Hereditary

The passing of traits from parents to their children.

chromosomes

threadlike structures found within the nucleus of a cell that carry the codes for inherited traits.

Genes

the basic unit that makes up chromosomes

DNA

the chemical unit that makes up chromosomes

46

__ chromosome make up a human being

23

A baby gets __ chromosomes from mom and dad

one

you get ___ gene per parent

dominant

________ genes override recessive genes

2

you need 1 dominant gene for a trait to show; you need __ recessive for a trait to show

XX

mother has ___ genes

XY

Father has __ genes

father

the ______ determines the sex of the child

X

__ is a girl

Y

__ is a boy

Genetic disorders

disorders caused by mutations or abnormalities in the genetic code.

sickle cell anemia

obstructs blood flow and oxygen to the tissues

Tay-sachs disease

causes destruction of the nervous system, blindness, and paralysis

down syndrome

Extra 21st chromosome. A total of 47 chromosomes causes ever to moderate retardation, short stature, round face with upper eyelids that cover inner corners of the eyes.

Hemophilia

failure of blood to clot

16-20

How many weeks in should a pregnant female get Amniocentesis?

Ultrasound

Sound waves used to project light images on a screen determines position of fetus, number of fetuses and heart beat.

Anytime

How many weeks in should a pregnant female get an Ultrasound?

Chronic Villi Sampling

A procedure in which a small piece of the membrane is removed from the chorion, a layer of tissue that develops into the placenta. Detects possible defects.

8

How many weeks in should a pregnant female get a chronic Villi sampling?

genetic counseling

Gaining knowledge and support if you are at risk of passing on genetic disorders from generation to generation.

genetic engineering

The practice of placing fragments of DNA from one organism into another.

sexually transmitted diseases

Infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact.

65

__ million people in the U.S. are living with an incurable STD

15

Teens make up about one quarter of the ___ million new STD cases a year.

10,000

There are __ teens affected from a new STD everyday.

nonoxynol 9

Using a condom with _____ can greatly reduce your chances of contracting HIV.

100

Nothing is ____ percent effective, except abstinence.

Abstinence

The deliberate decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.

5th

AIDs is the __ leading cause of death among adult from 22-44 years old.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A virus that attacks the immune system.

fastest

Teens have the ____ growing rates of HIV infection