Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1

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47 Terms

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Anatomy
The study of structure
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Gross anatomy
The study of big structures
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Microscopic anatomy
The study of small structures
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Cytology
The study of cells
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Histology
The study of tissues
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Physiology
The study of function
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Pathology
The study of diseases
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Anatomical Position
Standing, arms at sides, palms forward
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Dorsal/Posterier
Back
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Ventral/Anterior
Front/Belly
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Superior
Top
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Inferior
Bottom
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Medial
Middle
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Lateral
Sides
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Proximal
Toward attachment of arms and legs
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Distal
Away from attachment of arms and legs
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Superficial
Toward the surface
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Deep
Away from surface
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Sagittal
Vertical cut creating right and left sides
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Frontal
Vertical cut creating front and back sides
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Transverse
Horizontal cut creating top and bottom sides
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Dorsal Cavities
Backside cavities (Cranial and Spinal)
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Cranial
Inside skull where brain sits
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Spinal
Within vertebrae where spinal cord sits
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Ventral Cavities
Frontside cavities (Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic)
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Thoracic
Chest cavity with heart and lungs
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Abdominal
Under thoracic cavity, separated by the diaphragm with stomach, kidneys, liver, etc
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Diaphragm
Muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities
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Pelvic
Under abdominal cavity with bladder, uterus, intestines, etc
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Upper left quadrant
stomach
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Upper right quadrant
Liver, gallbladder
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Lower left quadrant
intestines
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Lower right quadrant
appendix, intestines
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Levels of body organization
Chemicals → Cell parts/organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Body Systems
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Skeletal system
Bones for protection and support
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Muscular system
Movement, organ contraction
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Nervous system
Body control, respond to changes
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Endocrine system
Hormone Production
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Immune system
fighting disease
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Digestive system
Break down food
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Circulatory system
Transport blood
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Respiratory system
Gas exchange
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Urinary system
Urine production
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Integumentary system
Skin for protection
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Reproductive system
Reproduction
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Metabolism
Sum of all chemical reactions going on in your body
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Homeostasis
Maintaining stable internal conditions