HOSA Veterinary Science

anatomy

structure of living things

physiology

function of living things

rostral

going towards the nose

caudal

up the head

dorsal

top of the back

ventral

belly

cranial

head

carpus

ankle

joints

junction between two or more bones

cartilage

forms cushion, tough tissue

ligaments

connect bone to bone

tendons

attach muscle to bone

muscle functions

movement, stabilizes joints, produces heat, produces posture

long bones

protects blood producing cells

blood flow

right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body, restart

kidney shape

bean

lung congestion

problem in the left side of the heart

ascites

problem in the right side of the heart

day 11

earliest day of gestation that an equine pregnancy can be confirmed

basic nutrients

carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, protein, minerals, vitamins, water

animal behavior

study of why animals do what they do

instinct

behavior that is programmed

trial and error

do an undesirable, they won't do it again

ingestion

feeding and drinking->hunting, chasing, chewing-> possessive behaviors and begging

elimination

desecration and urination-> circling, scratching the ground with back legs, lifting legs or squatting-> housebreaking, submission, or marking

resting and sleep

circling or going under furniture to lie down-> sleeping on furniture

contacting

investigating-> sniffing, pawing, searching-> pulling on a leash

play

playing boo, chase, fetch, tug of war-> play nipping, mouthing

social attachment

following, staying close, escaping, searching, vocalizing-> leads to separation anxiety

etiology

study of disease causes

attaining water born parasites

ingesting aquatic species

grass tetany

result of magnesium deficiency

fungus

ringworm

RNA virus

feline calicivirus

leptospirosis

caused by leptospira bacteria

zoonosis

a disease naturally transmitted from animals to humans

reverse zoonosis

naturally transmitted from humans to animals

etiologic agent

organism that causes the disease

host

one that is getting sick

dead end host

host will not transmit to others

incidence

where and how frequently a disease occurs

medical saphenous

vein used to draw blood from a cat but not a dog

NSAID

most common class of drugs sent home for pain

yelling

will not help when dealing with an escaped patient

inflammation

good for the healing process

3-5 days

lag phase in healing in wounds

fear induced

most common type of agrression

osha

occupational safety and health administration

analgesia

absence of pain that should be painful

101.5-102.5

normal rectal temperature for cats and dogs

6-8 hours

time between incident and check up

sharps container

needles and syringes disposed

chemical, physical, biological

hazards you will face in a clinic

radioactive equipment

lead gloves, lead apron, dosimeter

MSDS

material safety data sheet

steps to take a rectal temp

shake down thermometer, lubricate it, gently insert, hold it there for three minutes, remove and rotate the the head,

belly band

overlap slightly as it is wrapped

compound fracture

break where bone breaks skin

seizure

do not restrain the animal, move furniture out of the way, last 2-3 minutes, after keep patient warm

airway

assessed via visualization, palpation, listening, check for obstructions

emergency care check

breathing, circulation

dysfunction/ disability of the nervous system

reflex, response to pain, rigidly and flaccidity of limbs

examination

rapid, whole body, check lacerations and bruising

emergency care

an action directed toward assessment treatment and stabilization of a patient with an urgent medical problem

critical care

on going treatment of a patient with a life-threatening illness orinjury

epithelial, connective, muscle, skeletal

four types of cells

simple epithelial, simple stratified, layered glandular, secret substance

types of epithelial tissue

adipose connective tissue

fat

collagen fibers

loose connective tissue

tendons and ligaments

dense connective tissue

long, flat, small, irregular, sesamoid, pneumatic

types of bones(6)

flat bone

expanded in two directions to provide maximum area of muscle attachment

long bones

shaft with two ends

small bones

cuboid and located at complex joints

irregular bones

irregular shape

sesamoid bones

tiny and along tendons

pneumatic bones

contain air spaces

articular surface

where bone forms a joint with another bone

condyle

large convex articular surface found on distal ends of long bones

foramen

hole in blood where vessels and nerves usually pass

fossa

depression in bone occupied by muscle and tendon

facet

flat, smooth, articular surface, such as surface of tarsal/carpal bones

bone head

spherical projection found at ends of limb bones

neck

narrow area in middle

bump on surface of bone usually where tendon attatches

process, tuber, tubercle, tuberosity, trochanter

fibrous joints

hold bones together but don't allow movement

cartilaginous joints

allow slight rocking movement

diarthrodial or synovial joints

allow free movement in several directions

skin

largest organ in the body

systemic circulation

heart-body-heart

pulmonary circulation

heart-lungs-heart

two parts of the nervous system

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

purpose of the automatic nervous system

maintaining homeostasis

sympathetic system

fight or flight

parasympathetic system

rest and restore

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

three types of muscle

endocrine system

deals with hormones

anestrus

ovarian inactivity

proestrus

follicle developmemnt

estrus

true heat, ovulation