BJU Biology Chapter 16: The Arthropods

Phylum Arthropoda

crabs, lobsters, insects, spiders

thorax

middle section in an insect's body

abdomen

last section in an insect's body

cephalothorax

a body region composed of the head and thorax fused together

compound eye

an eye made of many lenses, each with a very limited scope

carapace

covers the cephalothorax of a crayfish

swimmerets

flipperlike appendages used for swimming and reproduction located under the abdomen/tail of crustaceans

chelicerae

either of a pair of appendages in front of the mouth in arachnids and some other arthropods

number of legs a spider has

8

number of body parts a spider has

2

number of antennae a spider has

0

number of eyes a spider has

8

pedipalps

second pair of appendages of arachnids used for sensory reception

spinnerets

tubelike structures spiders use to spin silk

book lungs

an organ of gas exchange in spiders, consisting of stacked plates contained in an internal chamber.

number of legs an insect has

6

number of body parts an insect has

3

number of antennae an insect has

2

spiracles

breathing tubes of insects located on abdomen

Malpighian tubules

tubules that excrete metabolic wastes into the hindgut in arthropods

tympanum

allow a grasshopper to hear

ovipositor

in many female insects, a structure that is at the end of the abdomen and that is used to lay eggs

pheromone

a chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal of the same species

stages of incomplete metamorphosis

egg, nymph, adult

stages of complete metamorphosis

egg, larva, pupa, adult

Order Orthoptera

straight wings: grasshopper, cricket

Order Odonata

toothed: dragonfly, damselfly

Order Coleoptera

sheath-winged: beetles

Order Lepidoptera

scale-winged: moths and butterflies

Order Hymenoptera

membrane-winged: bees and ants

Order Diptera

two wings: mosquitos, flies, and gnats

Order Hemiptera

half-winged: true bugs

Order Homoptera

same-winged: cicadas, aphids, and leaf hoppers

largest insect order

Coleoptera

moths

thick body, feather antennae, cocoon, rest with wings open

butterflies

thin body, slender antennae, chrysalis, rest with wings shut