Bio 322 Lab Exam 2 - Major Topics Overview

These flashcards cover critical vocabulary and major concepts from Bio 322 Lab Exam 2, including topics from Labs 5, 6, and 7.

Conduction of Heart Signal

The process by which the heart muscle receives nerve signals that dictate its rhythm.

PQRST Wave

The graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart during one heartbeat.

Tunicas

The three layers of tissue that make up blood vessel walls: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.

Blood Pressure

The pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels; measured as systolic over diastolic.

Hypertension

A condition characterized by consistently high blood pressure.

Pulse

The palpable beating of arteries as blood is propelled through them.

Aneurism

A localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.

Cardiac Output

The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, influenced by heart rate and stroke volume.

Autonomic Nervous System

The part of the nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary actions, including heart rate.

Tidal Volume (TV)

The amount of air breathed in or out during a normal breath.

Respiratory Acidosis

A condition that occurs when carbon dioxide buildup in the body causes a decrease in blood pH.

Spirometry

A common pulmonary function test that measures the volume of air inhaled and exhaled.

Molarity

A measure of concentration indicating the number of moles of solute in a liter of solution.

Osmolarity

A measure of the total concentration of solute particles in a solution.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary non-striated muscle found in the walls of blood vessels controlling their diameter.

Edema

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.

What is the osmolarity of a solution containing 40g of NaCl and 120g of glucose (MW of NaCl: 58g/mol, MW of glucose: 180g/mol)?

First, convert grams to moles: 40g NaCl = 0.69 moles, 120g glucose = 0.67 moles. Total moles of solutes = 0.69 (Na+) + 0.69 (Cl-) + 0.67 (glucose) = 2.05 OsM/L.

What is the osmolarity of a solution that contains 0.05 M KCl and 130 mM NaCl?

Convert units to make them consistent: 0.05 M KCl = 50 mM, therefore total = 50 (K+) + 50 (Cl-) + 130 (Na+) + 130 (Cl-) = 360 mOsm/L.

How to calculate the molarity of a saline solution containing 60mg of KCl in 5mL?

Convert 60mg to g/L: 12 mg/mL is equivalent to 12 g/L. Then convert to moles using MW (74g/mol): 12g = 0.16 moles.

How many grams of KCl are required to make 2L of a 0.6M saline solution?

Using the ratio of MW (74g/mol) and molarity (0.6 mol), x g = 44.4 g/L for 1L. Therefore, for 2L, need 88.8 g of KCl.