Philippines Under America

Warwick Barracks

In Cebu established in 1898 near Fort San Pedro

Camps and Forts

To better administer the enlisted men and maintain discipline among native population

Camp John Hay (1904)

In Baguio with its army housing

Camp John Hay

Not just projected military presence but also served as recreation camp

Cubeta

Americans introduced the use of toilet via a pail conservancy system

Mission Revival

The initial architectural style that the Americans introduced, through Bourne, which is based on the churches (missions) of Spanish priests in the American southwest

Edgar Bourne

Was appointed head of the Bureau pf Architecture on October 10, 1912, whose task is to take charge of making plans and construction specifications and repair of public buildings.

• Curvilinear

• Parapeted or scalloped rooflines

• Gable roofs

• Round arched entrances

• White or slight tinted

• Smooth

• Plastered walls

• Pyramidal terracotta tiled roof

• Arched arcades and corridors

• Exposed rafters and use of mirador towers

The Key Architectural Characteristics of the Colonial Mission Revival Style

Tsalet (chalet)

The Americans introduced a new building typology to create a less formal dwelling design ideal for urban center

Tsalet Prototype

The Bureau of Health drew up plans for sanitary habitations using the _________, which schemes that includes single-detached, semi-attached (duplex), row-house apartments(accessories) and one-storey concrete chalet.

City Beautiful Movement

The 1893 Columbian Words's Fair in Chicago showcased the urban aesthetic philosophies of the _______.

Daniel Burnham

He was invited to the Philippines to servw as consultant on urban concerns

William Parsons

He was invited as consulting architect after Daniel Burnham

Edgar Bourne & William Parsons

They are the american architects who steered the Philippine architecture to the proto-modern route.

Daniel Burnham

Was a proponent of the City Beautiful Movement

City Beautiful Movement

An aesthetic movement in American Urban Planning and Architecture that started in 1890's as an attempt by advocates to improve cities through beautification

Thomas Jefferson

He advocated a direct return to the architectural principles of Republican Rome as the true course of a new democracy as the 18th century same to an end

Summer Capital

Baguio was declared the ________ the Philippines by the Philippine Commission on June 1, 1903

Gabaldon School Buildings

Were standardized models for school buildings to decrease building costs, save time and labor, and maximize construction efficiency.

Pivot Windows

is a type of window that opens by rotating around a central axis, typically mounted in the middle of the frame.

Insane Ward at San Lazaro, Manila

First government building to be executed using reinforced concrete as maun building material²

Metropolitan Theater

Had a facade that can be compared to a stage which had a focal point at the framed, proscenium-like central window of stained glass that corresponded in scale and shape to the interior proscenium of the theater

Art Deco

Was a form of stylization combining traditional and modern

1. Eclectic & Classical Deco

2. Zigzag Moderne

3. Streamlined Moderne

Art Deco had three main variations in the Philippines

Eclectic & Classical Deco

Early phase of Filipino art deco; hybrid of 2 or more style

Zigzag Moderne

Variation of Art Deco that is natural-inspired objects, humans, and mythical figures

Streamlined Moderne

To have an aerodynamic form with the least wind resistance