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Describe the relationship between what we consume and our health
The food we consume provide our bodies with the nutrients and energy needed to function properly. A balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases. On the other hand, consuming too much processed foods, sugary drinks, and saturated fats can increase the risk of these diseases.
Identify the macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats)
The three macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Identify the component parts of each macronutrient (amino acids, fatty acids, etc.)
Carbs: Carbs are broken down into simple sugars called glucose.
Lipids (fats): fats are broken down into fatty acids
Proteins: proteins into smaller molecules called amino acids.
what is the role of carbs in healthy body function?
When glucose is transformed into ATP this energy is used to: send impulses along nerves cells (muscles and neurons), transport molecules into and out of cells, assemble proteins, DNA, and other cell functions
what is the role of lipids (fats) in healthy body function?
Lipids also known as fats are an important part of a healthy diet. The body uses lipids as an energy store, as insulation and to make cell membranes.
what is the role of proteins in healthy body function?
They are one of the three main food groups and are needed by the body for cell growth and repair. They are also used to make enzymes, hormones, and other molecules.
Distinguish between the functions of each of the macronutrients
In summary, carbohydrates provide energy, proteins are important for growth and repair, and fats provide energy and aid in vitamin and mineral absorption.
Identify healthy sources of each of the macronutrients
Carbohydrates: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and low-fat dairy products.
Proteins: fish, meat, eggs, milk, and cheese.
Fats: Avocado, nuts, seeds, olive oil, fatty fish, and chocolate.
Compare and contrast the molecular characteristics of the three types of fat
Comparing the three types of fat we can say that saturated fat has a single bond, unsaturated has a double bond and the position of the hydrogen is at the same side, and lastly, trans fat does have a double bond although the position of the hydrogen is in the diagonal.
Describe the role of enzymes in digestion
The stomach is filled with gastric acid and enzymes. Pepsin is the enzyme that will break down into amino acids.
Outline the functions of each types of enzymes in the specific macronutrient
enzymes for proteins: proteins are made of amino acids. Our stomach contains pepsin, the enzyme that will break down proteins.
enzymes for lipids: lipids are made of glycerol and fatty acid. Our small intestine contains lipase, the enzyme that will break down lipids.
enzymes for carbs: are of starch. In our mouth, the saliva contains amalyse, the enzyme that will break down starch into maltose.
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst, having the function to speed up a chemical reaction
How does enzyme work?
Each enzyme has an active site that is specific to each substrate
What is the active site?
The active site is the place where the substrate (carbohydrate, lipids, proteins etc) will be broken down into smaller molecules
what is the substrate?
The Substrate is the large molecule that will be broken in the small molecules
Common things of enzymes
Each enzyme has an active site.
Enzymes are very specific
Enzymes are recycled
What are the 3 examples of enzymes and where are they found?
Pepsin → found in the stomach
Amalyse → found in the mouth
Lipase → found in the small intestine
What is the process for carbs?
Substrate: starch
complex: starch + amalyse
product: maltose
What is the process for proteins?
Substrate: protein
complex: pepsin + protein
product: amino acids
What is the process for lipids?
Substrate: fat or lipids
complex: lipase + fat
product: fatty acids
