Plasma
Forms about 55% of blood
Plasma is 92% water
Contains amino acids, electrolytes, proteins, gases, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, and waste products like urea.
Serum
Contains all the same constituents as plasma except for clotting factors and fibrinogen.
Red Blood Cells (RBC’s): Electrolytes
Makes up about 45% of blood. Measured as a hematocrit level.
Contains hemoglobin (Hgb), the oxygen carrying protein.
The normal lifespan of a RBC is 120 days.
Platelets: Thrombocytes
Thrombocytes + WBCS together make up about 1% of blood.
Small, colorless, irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm
Responsible for preventing or stopping bleeding
They have a lifespan of 9-12 days
White Blood Cells (WBC’s): Leukocytes
5 types. Responsible for fighting infection and other diseases.
CBC: Complete Blood Count
Looks at overall health, and helps identify a wide range of conditions. Tests include counting the numbers of:
RBC
WBC
HgB
HCT
Platelets
MCV: Mean Corpuscular Volume (the size of RBCs)
White Blood Count (WBC) Test Normal Values
Everyone: 4,500-11,000 mm3
Red Blood Count (RBC) Test Normal Values
Males: 4.3-5.9 million/mm3
Females: 3.5-5.5 million/mm3
Hemoglobin (HgB) Test Normal Values
Males: 13.5-17.5 g/dL
Females: 12-16 g/dL
Hematocrit (HCT) Test Normal Values
Males: 41-53%
Females: 36-46%
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Test Normal Values
Everyone: 80-100 fL (7-8 ʮm)
Platelets Test Normal Values
Everyone: 150,000-400,000 mm3
Neutrophils
40-60% of WBC’s
Phagocytic- Ingest and destroy intruders
Numbers increase during bacterial infection
“First on the scene”
Lymphocytes
20-40% of WBC’s
Largest WBC’s
Numbers increase during viral infections
Monocytes
3-8% of WBCs
Largest WBCs
Are monocytes in circulating blood, but when we go into tissues, turn into macrophages
Numbers increase during intracellular infections and TB
Eosinophils
1-3% of WBCs
Active against antibodies labeled foreign molecules
Numbers increase during non severe allergies, skin infections, and parasitic infections
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
Used to focus on general metabolism overview, electrolyte imbalance, blood sugar (glucose), and how well the blood is being filtered through the kidneys. Aka Chem-7
Includes…
Glucose
Calcium
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
CO2
BUN
Creatinine
Basophils
0-1% of WBCs
Carry histamine
Increase during acute allergic reactions
Comprehensive panel (CMP)
Show how these things are working, as well as liver function. Measures protein levels in the blood, showing how the liver, bones, and other organs are working together. A CMP is usually recommended specifically for the liver. Aka Chem-14
Light green, lithium heparin tube
Chemistry department
Includes…
all BMP tests
ALT
AST
ALP
Bilirubin
Total Protein
Albumin
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Glucose
80/120 (64-100) mg/dL
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Calcium
8.5-10.2 mg/dL
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Sodium
135-145 mEq/mL
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Chloride
96-106 mmol/L
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Potassium
3.5-4.5 mEq/L
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) CO2
23-29 mmol/L
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) BUN
60-120 mg/dL
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Creatine
0.8-1.2 mg/dL
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - ALT
4-36 U/L
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - AST
8-33 U/L
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - ALP
20-30 U/L
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - Bilirubin
0.1-1.2
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - Total Protein
6-8.4 g/dL
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - Albumin
3.4-5.4 g/dL
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - Gloubin
2.5-3.5 g/dL
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Critical Value - HGB
7 or less
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Critical Value - HCT
21% or less
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Critical Value - WBC
0.5k and less
50k and more
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Critical Value - Platelets
20,000 or less
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Critical Value - Glucose
Less than 40, more than 300
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Critical Value - Potassium
Less than 2.5, more than 6
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Critical Value - Sodium
Less than 125, more than 160
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Critical Value - Carbon Dioxide
65 or more
pH Critical Value
less than 7.2 and greater than 7.6