Blood + Blood Components

Plasma

* Forms about 55% of blood
* Plasma is 92% water
* Contains amino acids, electrolytes, proteins, gases, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, and waste products like urea.

Serum

Contains all the same constituents as plasma except for clotting factors and fibrinogen.

Red Blood Cells (RBC’s): Electrolytes

Makes up about 45% of blood. Measured as a hematocrit level.

* Contains hemoglobin (Hgb), the oxygen carrying protein.
* The normal lifespan of a RBC is 120 days.

Platelets: Thrombocytes

Thrombocytes + WBCS together make up about 1% of blood.

* Small, colorless, irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm
* Responsible for preventing or stopping bleeding
* They have a lifespan of 9-12 days

White Blood Cells (WBC’s): Leukocytes

5 types. Responsible for fighting infection and other diseases.

CBC: Complete Blood Count

Looks at overall health, and helps identify a wide range of conditions. Tests include counting the numbers of:

* RBC
* WBC
* HgB
* HCT
* Platelets
* MCV: Mean Corpuscular Volume (the size of RBCs)

White Blood Count (WBC) Test Normal Values

Everyone: 4,500-11,000 mm3

Red Blood Count (RBC) Test Normal Values

Males: 4.3-5.9 million/mm3

Females: 3.5-5.5 million/mm3

Hemoglobin (HgB) Test Normal Values

Males: 13.5-17.5 g/dL

Females: 12-16 g/dL

Hematocrit (HCT) Test Normal Values

Males: 41-53%

Females: 36-46%

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Test Normal Values

Everyone: 80-100 fL (7-8 ʮm)

Platelets Test Normal Values

Everyone: 150,000-400,000 mm3

Neutrophils

* 40-60% of WBC’s
* Phagocytic- Ingest and destroy intruders
* Numbers increase during bacterial infection
* “First on the scene”

Lymphocytes

* 20-40% of WBC’s
* Largest WBC’s
* Numbers increase during viral infections

Monocytes

* 3-8% of WBCs
* Largest WBCs
* Are monocytes in circulating blood, but when we go into tissues, turn into macrophages
* Numbers increase during intracellular infections and TB

Eosinophils

* 1-3% of WBCs
* Active against antibodies labeled foreign molecules
* Numbers increase during non severe allergies, skin infections, and parasitic infections

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

Used to focus on general metabolism overview, electrolyte imbalance, blood sugar (glucose), and how well the blood is being filtered through the kidneys. Aka Chem-7

Includes…

* Glucose
* Calcium
* Sodium
* Chloride
* Potassium
* CO2
* BUN
* Creatinine

Basophils

* 0-1% of WBCs
* Carry histamine
* Increase during acute allergic reactions

Comprehensive panel (CMP)

Show how these things are working, as well as liver function. Measures protein levels in the blood, showing how the liver, bones, and other organs are working together. A CMP is usually recommended specifically for the liver. Aka Chem-14

* Light green, lithium heparin tube
* Chemistry department

Includes…
* all BMP tests
* ALT
* AST
* ALP
* Bilirubin
* Total Protein
* Albumin

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Glucose

80/120 (64-100) mg/dL

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Calcium

8\.5-10.2 mg/dL

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Sodium

135-145 mEq/mL

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Chloride

96-106 mmol/L

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Potassium

3\.5-4.5 mEq/L

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) CO2

23-29 mmol/L

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) BUN

60-120 mg/dL

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Creatine

0\.8-1.2 mg/dL

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - ALT

4-36 U/L

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - AST

8-33 U/L

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - ALP

20-30 U/L

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - Bilirubin

0\.1-1.2

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - Total Protein

6-8.4 g/dL

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - Albumin

3\.4-5.4 g/dL

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) - Gloubin

2\.5-3.5 g/dL

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Critical Value - HGB

7 or less

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Critical Value - HCT

21% or less

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Critical Value - WBC

* 0.5k and less
* 50k and more

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Critical Value - Platelets

20,000 or less

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Critical Value - Glucose

Less than 40, more than 300

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Critical Value - Potassium

Less than 2.5, more than 6

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Critical Value - Sodium

Less than 125, more than 160

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Critical Value - Carbon Dioxide

65 or more

pH Critical Value

less than 7.2 and greater than 7.6