Biotechnology Lecture Review

This set of flashcards covers key terminology and concepts in biotechnology, including definitions of crucial terms, abbreviations, and career information related to the field.

Agarose

A type of media made of sugar molecules taken from seaweed and used for electrophoresis.

Artificial insemination

Injection of semen into the uterine canal, unrelated to sexual intercourse.

Bioinformatics

Collection, classification, and analysis of biological information such as molecular and genetic data.

Biologic

A drug, vaccine, or antitoxin that is made from living organisms.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Large nucleic acid molecules that make up chromosomes.

Electrophoresis

Movement of charged suspended particles through a medium in response to an electric field.

Enzyme

Protein that acts as a catalyst in the cell.

Eugenics

Study of the methods for controlling the characteristics of humans.

Fermentation

Chemical change that is brought about by the action of an enzyme or microorganism.

Forensics

Pertaining to the courts of law.

Monoclonal antibody

Identical cells or cells originating from the same cell.

Selective breeding

Choosing the parents of offspring to enhance development of desired traits.

Simulation

Imitation or enactment to train for or test an event or system.

Antibody

Against substances.

Biodiversity

Variety of life.

Biotechnology

Study of technology and life.

Congenital

Born with.

Dystrophy

Painful or difficult growth or nutrition.

Endocrine

To secrete inside.

Eugenics

Pertaining to new origins.

Genetic

Pertaining to the origin.

Neoplasm

New growth.

Transgenic

Pertaining to cross origins.

AIDS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

APHIS

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

BIO

Biotechnology Industry Organization.

CBER

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.

CF

Cystic fibrosis.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

FDA

Food and Drug Administration.

GM

Genetically modified.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus.

MD

Muscular dystrophy.

NIH

National Institutes of Health.

Biological technician

Entry-level position with a Bachelor's degree.

Biotechnologist

A scientist working in the field of biotechnology.

Chromosomal abnormality

A condition where there is an abnormal number or structure of chromosomes.

Therapies and vaccines

Created to treat diseases like cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and autoimmune disorders.

Gene manipulation

Altering genes in living organisms for desired traits.

Mapped Genes

Genes whose locations on chromosomes have been identified.

DNA Testing

Tests that identify genetic diseases and conditions.

Gene Therapy Studies

Research focused on treating genetic conditions.

Occupational Categories

Different types of jobs in biotechnology and related fields.

Simulation Projects

Initiatives using simulations to improve medical training and patient safety.