APUSH Chapter 15

Presidential Reconstruction

The Reconstruction plans of both Lincoln and Johnson who believed it was the executive's power to rebuild the South.

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Lincoln's "10 percent" plan that shaped his ideas for reconstruction. His plan was to pardon any southerners who took an oath of allegiance to union and when 10% of voters took his oath the state government could be reestablished and recognized

Freedman's Bureau

This organization provided food, shelter, and medical aid for blacks and poor whites

Black Codes

Laws that limited African Americans freedoms

Congressional Reconstruction

The second "round" of Reconstruction that began after the congressional elections of 1866 when the dominant Republicans in Congress unified

Radical Republicans

A branch of the Republicans in Congress unified

Fourteenth Amendment

This amendment defined national citizenship and forbid the states from resisting any citizens basic rights

Equal Protection of the laws

Requires each state to provide equal protection to all people of its jurisdiction

Due Process of Law

Prohibits states and local governments from depriving a person of life, liberty, or property without certain steps to ensure fairness

Reconstruction Acts

These acts divided the former Confederate states into five military districts and increased the requirements for getting readmitted to the Union

Fifteenth Amendment

This prohibited any state from denying a citizen's right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition or servitude"

Scalawags

A nickname southern Democrats gave to southern Republicans during Reconstruction

Carpetbaggers

A nickname southern Democrats gave to northern newcomers who led the hated Republican governments during Reconstruction

Sharecropping

A system where the landlord provided the seed and other needed farm supplies in return for a share of the harvest This was used after the abolition of slavery in the South

Patronage

For a person in office to give jobs and government favors to his supporters

Credit Mobilier

In this scandal of 1872 stocks were given to influential members of Congress.

William Boss Tweed

Boss of the Democratic party that schmeed illegally to get money, he stole $200 million from taxpayers before being exposed

Panic of 1873

An economic collapse at the beginning of Grant's second presidential term that left many northern laborers homeless and without jobs

Redeemers

Southern conservatives who took control of the states' governments as the Radical Republicans were losing influence, they were the final phase of reconstruction

Ku Klux Klan

A white supremacist group founded in 1867 by an ex-Confederate general Nathaniel Bedford Forrest

Compromise of 1877

This ended the era of Reconstruction. It stated that Hayes would be president over Tilden on the condition that he would build a southern transcontinental railroad and remove federal support for the Republicans in the South.