Unit 1 AP World History Exam

Where was the first river valley civilization and what is that?

Huang He River (Yellow River) in China; one of the first places in the world w/ agriculture, development of a written language, and an organized government

Confucianism Origins

• Religion in China 2500 years ago

• Confucius

Confucianism Principles

• Filial piety (respect for elders)

• Golden rule

How did the Tang and Song Dynasty flourish?

• Tang Dynasty- agricultural improvements, improved roads/canals, and expansions in trade

• Song Dynasty- commercialization and industrialization

Scholar Genty

High social class of scholars educated in Confucianism in China

What was the role of women in China and how was this shown?

In Confucianism, women should defer to men; foot-binding

Song Dynasty technological advancements

Woodblock printing, paper currency

Where did Champa rice come from and what was its importance?

Vietnam during the Song Dynasty; drought-resistant strain of rice

Islam Origins

• Arabian peninsula in the 7th century

• Quran

• Muhammad founded; Allah is the god

Islam Principles

• Submission to the will of god

• 5 pillars: declaration of faith, prayer, giving, fasting in Ramadan, and Hajj

Branches of Islam

Sunni, Shi’a, and Sufi

What is Sunni (Islam)?

(Major) believed that the next caliph did not have to be a relative of Muhammad

What is Shi’a (Islam)?

Believed that the next caliph had to be a relative of Muhammad

What is Sufi (Islam)?

Mystical form of Islam and shuns materialism; adaptive to local customs and helped spread Islam

Abbasid Caliphate

• Came after conquering Umayyad Caliphate

• Golden Age

• Trade and advancements in medicine, Algebra, and preservation of texts

• Dar-al-Islam

Dar-al-Islam

Parts of the world where Islam was dominant

Social Structure of Islamic Empire

• Caliph (religious and political leader) on top

• Merchants were highly values because they helped spread Islam

• People of the Book (monotheistic)

• Slaves could not be People of the Book

After the Gupta Empire fell, what happened to the political organizations?

The empire fragmented into smaller kingdoms

Delhi Sultanate

• Majority of India

• Muslim invaders

• Instability

• Trying to convert people to Islam (failure) and war

Samsara

Cycle of reincarnation

Moksha

Escaping reincarnation

Hausa Kingdoms

• Inland Africa

• Kin-based led by a chief

• Agriculture and trade (Trans-Saharan trade network)

Ghana

• Coastal West Africa

• Kingdom

• Traded gold and ivory with Muslim traders

Mali

• Coastal West Africa

• Kingdom

• Wealthy due to trade

• Mansa Musa

Zimbabwe

• Coastal East Africa

• Kingdom

• Trade, agriculture, and gold

• Indian Ocean trade

Feudalism

Decentralized political organization based on a system of exchanges of land for loyalty

Europe

• Kingdom

• Agriculture

Japan

• Monarchy with Emperor