Honors U.S. History Unit 7

Which totalitarian governments gained power in the 1930s

Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union

What did the governments that gained power in the 1930s exert?

Total control over a nation, using terror to suppress individual rights and silence all opposition

Benito Mussolini

Gained power in Italy boy by advocating the popular ideology of Stalin conquest and buy terrorizing those who opposed

How did Benito Mussolini establish a dictatorship?

He suspended elections, outlawed other political parties, and established a dictatorship

Stalin’s economic plans

He sent much money rebuilding the U.S.S.R industrial base

What happened as a result of Stalin’s policies

The Soviet Union soon became a modern industrial power

How did Stalin eliminate opposition

He began a series of purges , the removal of enemies and undesirable individuals from positions of power

Hitlers background

He hated the way the Versailles Treaty humiliated Germany and stripped it of its wealth and land

The Nazi Party

The philosophies and polices of this party was a form of fascism. It stressed German nationalism and racial superiority

Mein kämpf (My Struggle)

Hitler wrote Mein Kampf while in prison

Between 1930 and 1934…

The Nazi party gained majority in the Rechstag, the lower house of the Herman Parliament

What happened in March 1936?

German troops entered the Rhineland, a region in Western Germany that the Versailles Treaty banned them fro occupying

What did Britain and France do about Rhineland?

Nothing

When did Germany take over Austria?

March 1938

Why did British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain agree to allow Hitler to do?

Allowed Hitler to take Sudetenland to keep the peace

Appeasement

giving into a competitor’s demands in order to keep the peace

The Axis Powers

In 1940 Germany, Italy,, and Japan wil sign an agreement to become Axis Powers

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression pact 1939

To avoid war on two fronts with Germany and the Soviet Union

What did Germany and Soviet Union add in addition to their pact

The two nations agreed to share the nations of Eastern Europe

When did Germany invade Poland

On September 1, 1939

When did Britain and France declare war on Germany after invading Poland

Two days later

How did Germany overrun Poland

Using a military tactic called blitzkrieg or “lightning war”

Dunkirk

When Germany advanced on France, British and French forces retreated to the French coastal city of Dunkirk

What was the half of France that Germany occupied called

Vinchy France

Collaboration

The police Vinchy France adopted with Germany

Allied Powers

The group of countries that opposed the Axis Powers

Who stood alone against the Axis Powers

Britain

What was the Massive air assault on Britian called

The Battle of Britain or “The Blitz”

Britain RAF

worked to shoot down German bombers

What did Hitler tell the German people?

That the people need lebensraum (“living space”)

Tojo

General who became the prime minister in Japan

When economic conditions worsened during the 1930s…

Many Japanese became dissatisfied with the democratic government

Radicals demanded an

end to Western-style institutions

What did the radicals do?

assassinated several business and political leaders, hoping to force the military to take over the government

Why did Japan want Manchuria

They lacked the land and raw materials to care of its growing population

What allowed Japan to take over Chinese cities?

Their superior weapons