eukaryotes 2

Heterotrophic organisms

acquire food from complex organic forms

Heterotrophic organisms prey

Prey includes: Algae and bacteria

what do some protozoa have

special feeding structures (oral groove)

how do some protozoa acquire the nutrients 

extend pseudopods to engulf prey (phagocytosis)

what protozoa use phagocytosis

amoeba

how do some protozoa absorb food

through the cell membrane

what is the primary limiting factor for survival

moisture

structures for protozoa motility

Flagella

Cilia

Pseudopods

• someprotozoans have more than 1

describe the role for cyst formation in protozoa

Many species can form cysts to survive during unfavorable growth conditions

what does cyst allow for

spread of protozoa organisms in air currents and facilitate disease spread

trophozoite

active feeding stage that requires ample food and moisture

how can protozoas replicate

asexually or sexually

cyst formation

trophozoite: active feeding stage

drying, lack of nutrients (start of encystment)

cell rounds up and loses motility

early cyst wall formation

mature cyst (dormant, resting stage) moisture, nutrients restored (excystment)

cell wall breaks open

trophozoite is reactivated 

what is protozoa taxonomy based on 

method of motility

mode of reproduction

stages in the lifecycle 

what are the 4 groups of protozoa 

Mastigophora

Sarcodina

Ciliophora

Apicomplexa

how does Mastigophora move

motility via flagella alone or flagella and pseudopods

how many nucleus does Mastigophora have

single nucleus

how does Mastigophora reproduce

Sexual reproduction and division by longitudinal fission

what do most Mastigophora form

cyst

how do most Mastigophora live

they are free living and most are solitary (does not form a colony

what cell form is Sarcondina primarily

amoeba

how do Sarcondina move

Use pseudopods for locomotion

how do Sarcondina reproduce 

Asexual reproduction by fission

how many nucleus does sarcondina have 

single nucleus 

what do most sarcondina form 

cyst 

how do most sarcondina live

they are free-living

how do Ciliophora move

moility via cilia

what do most Ciliophora form

cyst

how many nucleus does Ciliophora have

macronuclei

how does Ciliophora reproduce

Division by transverse fission

what do most ciliophora have

an oral groove

how do most ciliophora live

most are free-living

are ciliophora harmless

yes

do Apicomplexa move 

no motility is absent except for one thing 

wht does Apicomplexa move in

male gametes 

how does Apicomplexa reproduce

through complex lifecycles with both sexual and asexual stages

what does Apicomplexa produce

sporozoites

what are sporozoites

sporozoa produced spore like cells

what do sporozoites important for

disease transmission

what do Apicomplexa form

thick- walled oocysts

what are all Apicomplexa

parasitic