Special Senses - The Sensory Organs

Fill in the Blank: The five senses are part of the __________ and send information back to the brain for processing about what to do next.

Fill in the Blank: The five senses are part of the __________ and send information back to the brain for processing about what to do next.

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

Vocabulary: What is the visual system related to?

Sight.

Question and Answer: What role do the eyes and optic nerves serve in the visual system?

They transmit information to the occipital lobe.

Fill in the Blank: The auditory system is responsible for __________ and sends signals to the temporal lobe.

Hearing.

Vocabulary: What part of the PNS is responsible for the sense of touch?

Somatosensory System.

Question and Answer: What types of stimuli do specialized receptor cells in the skin respond to?

Different tactile stimuli.

Fill in the Blank: The olfactory system begins with nerves in the __________ that analyze scents.

Nasal passages.

Vocabulary: What structure sends input along the facial nerve to the primary gustatory cortex?

Taste buds.

Question and Answer: What is amblyopia commonly known as?

Lazy eye.

Fill in the Blank: The term __________ refers to the absence of the lens of the eye.

Aphakia.

Vocabulary: What is the condition characterized by the abnormal curve of the cornea?

Astigmatism.

Question and Answer: What is the primary cause of cataracts?

Aging and the breakdown of proteins in the lens.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the inflammation of the edges of the eyelid.

Blepharitis.

Vocabulary: What is the procedure called that removes the stapes bone in the ear?

Stapedectomy.

Question and Answer: What is macular degeneration?

Destruction of the fovea centralis, leading to loss of central vision.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the vitreous cavity of the eye.

Vitreous Humor.

Vocabulary: What do the ossicles in the middle ear do?

Amplify and transmit sound vibrations.

Question and Answer: What does a cochlear implant do?

Stimulates the auditory nerve to provide hearing sensations.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the perception of pain.

Nociception.

Vocabulary: The __________ connects the middle ear to the pharynx and helps equalize pressure.

Eustachian Tube.

Question and Answer: What is the role of the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

Detect smell.

Fill in the Blank: The structure that receives input from olfactory receptors is called the __________.

Olfactory Bulb.

Vocabulary: What medical term describes the perception of temperature?

Thermoception.

Question and Answer: What happens in the case of hyperalgesia?

There is an abnormally heightened sensitivity to pain.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the lack of sense of taste.

Ageusia.

Vocabulary: What are the five basic tastes humans can detect?

Salty, Sour, Bitter, Sweet, Savory.

Question and Answer: What is the function of the mechanoreceptors in the skin?

Detect pressure and texture.

Fill in the Blank: Scot/o- is a prefix that refers to __________.

Darkness.

Vocabulary: What is the term for the medical specialty involving eye diseases?

Ophthalmology.

Question and Answer: In which part of the eye does glaucoma occur?

Increased intraocular pressure.

Fill in the Blank: __________ refers to the sensation of ringing in the ear.

Tinnitus.

Vocabulary: The term 'pupil' corresponds to which part of the eye?

Cor/o-.

Question and Answer: What can cause anosmia?

Viral upper respiratory infections.

Fill in the Blank: The structure that allows light to enter the eye is called the __________.

Pupil.

Vocabulary: The condition where the eyelid turns inward is called __________.

Entropian.

Question and Answer: What type of vision loss is associated with presbyopia?

Farsightedness due to aging.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the process of creating an opening to allow fluid to flow out of the eye.

Iridectomy.

Vocabulary: What term describes the sensation of fullness or pressure in the ears?

Aural fullness.

Question and Answer: What is the main role of the ciliary body in the eye?

Connect the lens and change its shape for focusing.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is characterized by the presence of double vision.

Diplopia.

Vocabulary: The yellow plaque on the eyelid that indicates a lipid disorder is called __________.

Xanthelasma.

Question and Answer: How does sound waves enter the ear?

Through the pinna or auricle.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is a condition involving rapid, involuntary eye movements.

Nystagmus.

Vocabulary: What does the term 'hypertropia' refer to?

Farsightedness.

Question and Answer: What is the main structure involved in the sense of touch?

Skin.

Fill in the Blank: __________ are the three tiny bones in the middle ear.

Ossicles.

Vocabulary: The medical term for earwax is __________.

Cerumen.

Question and Answer: What is a common consequence of inappropriate drainage in the ear?

Otitis media.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the perception of body movement and position in the environment.

Proprioception.

Vocabulary: What is the medical term for the surgical repair of the tympanic membrane?

Myringoplasty.

Question and Answer: What are the rods and cones in the retina responsible for?

Detecting low light and color.

Fill in the Blank: __________ refers to a deficiency in Vitamin A causing softening of the cornea.

Keratomalacia.

Vocabulary: The surgical term for the removal of an organ from a body cavity is __________.

Enucleation.

Question and Answer: How does the cochlea transmit sound signals?

By converting sound vibrations into nerve signals.

Fill in the Blank: A __________ is a common condition of having abnormally large ears.

Macrotia.

Vocabulary: In the context of taste, the term 'dysgeusia' refers to __________.

Distorted sense of taste.

Question and Answer: What condition is characterized by the presence of pus drainage from the ear?

Otopyorrhea.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the term for inflammation of the mucous membrane covering the eye.

Conjunctivitis.

Vocabulary: The term 'abnormal bone growth inside the ear' is known as __________.

Otosclerosis.

Question and Answer: What is a common treatment for sensorineural hearing loss?

Cochlear implants.

Fill in the Blank: The __________ in the inner ear helps with balance and equilibrium.

Vestibular system.

Vocabulary: The medical prefix 'lacrim/o-' refers to __________.

Tear.

Question and Answer: What is the role of the auditory nerve?

It transmits auditory signals to the brain.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is a feeling of dizziness caused by an inner ear disturbance.

Vertigo.

Vocabulary: The __________ is the outermost layer of the eye.

Conjunctiva.

Question and Answer: What condition involves symptoms such as seeing static or snow?

Retinal detachment.

Fill in the Blank: The __________ ciliary muscle is involved in controlling lens shape for focusing.

Ciliary Body.

Vocabulary: What is the name for the instrument used to examine the interior portion of the eye?

Ophthalmoscope.

Question and Answer: What role does the vitreous humor play in the eye?

Maintains the shape of the eye and aids in focusing light.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the surgical procedure that creates a new opening in the middle ear's inner wall.

Fenestration.

Vocabulary: The term for the lack of sense of smell is __________.

Anosmia.

Question and Answer: What can lead to otitis externa?

Bacterial or fungal infection.

Fill in the Blank: __________ are known as the three bones in the middle ear responsible for sound transmission.

Malleus, Incus, Stapes.

Vocabulary: The condition characterized by the turning outward of the eyelid is called __________.

Ectropion.

Question and Answer: What happens during the myringotomy procedure?

A surgical incision is made in the eardrum for drainage.

Fill in the Blank: __________ can potentially develop from genetic heredity in the context of eye problems.

Glaucoma.

Vocabulary: The term that describes a condition involving emotional attachment to scent is associated with the __________.

Amygdala.

Question and Answer: What is the main solution recommended for managing otitis media?

Antibiotics.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the abnormal perception of smells.

Phantosmia.

Vocabulary: The health condition characterized by unequal visual axes might be known as __________.

Strabismus.

Question and Answer: How do taste buds detect flavor?

They signal along the sensory nerve fibers to cranial nerves.

Fill in the Blank: __________ functions as an opening that allows light to enter the inner eye.

Pupil.

Vocabulary: The __________ contains the inner structures responsible for balance and hearing.

Inner Ear.

Question and Answer: What is indicated by the term 'hyperosmia'?

An overly acute sense of smell.

Fill in the Blank: __________ describes the procedure for surgical drainage of the ear.

Tympanostomy.

Vocabulary: What structure of the eye is primarily affected in glaucoma?

Optic Nerve.

Question and Answer: What is the term for the surgical removal of the stapes?

Stapedectomy.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the science of evaluating and treating hearing disorders.

Audiology.

Vocabulary: The optic nerve passes visual signals to which part of the brain?

Occipital lobe.

Question and Answer: What is a common symptom of retinal detachment?

Sudden appearance of floaters.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is the term that describes age-related hearing loss.

Presbycusis.

Vocabulary: __________ is the condition where the ciliary muscles become paralyzed.

Cycloplegia.

Question and Answer: What does photocoagulation therapy treat?

Wet macular degeneration.

Fill in the Blank: __________ is a disorder characterized by softening of the cornea due to Vitamin A deficiency.

Keratomalacia.

Vocabulary: The outermost protective layer of the eye is known as __________.

Sclera.

Question and Answer: How is sound processed in the inner ear?

By the cochlea which converts vibrations into nerve signals.

Fill in the Blank: __________ refers to the overwhelming perception of pain.

Hyperalgesia.

Vocabulary: __________ refers to the outer ear structure that collects sound waves.

Pinna.

Question and Answer: What is the treatment for conductive hearing loss due to impacted cerumen?

Hearing aids.

Fill in the Blank: __________ describes the sensation caused by changes in temperature.

Thermoception.