literal language
language that is not figurative but is meant to be accurate, matter of fact, or concrete
hypotaxis
a stylistic pattern in composition in which the writing contains clauses that are subordinated to and dependent on one another
apostrophe
a figure of speech in which someone usually absent or some abstract quality is directly addressed as though alive and capable of responding
parataxis
a stylistic pattern in composition in which the writing contains clauses that are equally weighted without subordination
onomatopoeia
the combination of words which imitate sounds
persona
the mask which covers the direct voice of the author
spoonerism
a phonetic transposition whereby sounds are switched in a pair of words or short phrase
Platonism
the idealistic, philosophical teachings of Plato which place emphasis on the soul and ideals of beauty and love
asyndeton
a stylistic pattern in composition in which the writing contains clauses without coordinating conjunctions
paradox
a statement or situation which seems on the surface contradictory or untrue but proves valid upon closer inspection
polysyndeton
a stylistic pattern in composition in which the writing contains an overabundance of coordinating conjunctions
pastoral
a type of poem that deals in an idealized way with shepherds and rustic life
aubade
a poem about dawn; a morning love song; a poem about lovers' parting at dawn
understatement
a statement for dramatic or humorous effect of less importance than the occasion would warrant
anti-hero
a graceless, inept (sometimes stupid or dishonest) protagonist who is opposite of a traditional hero