1.5 Systems Software

Systems Software

-Systems software is a type of software that controls the hardware and provides a platform for running application software.

-It includes the Operating System and utility programs that help manage and maintain the computer.

Operating System (OS)

The Operating System is the most essential part of systems software. It manages everything happening on the computer.

User Interface (UI)

-Allows the user to interact with the system.

Can be Graphical (GUI) like Windows/macOS, or Command -Line Interface (CLI) for advanced users.

Memory Management

-Allocates RAM to different programs and manages virtual memory if RAM runs out.

-Prevents programs from accessing each other's memory.

Multitasking

-Allows multiple programs to run at once by quickly switching between tasks.

-Each task gets allocated CPU time, creating the illusion of simultaneous execution.

Peripheral Management and Drivers:

-Communicates with hardware (keyboard, printer, etc.) through device drivers.

-Drivers are software that translate OS instructions into signals the hardware understands.

User Management

-Manages user accounts and access levels.

-Includes features like password protection, account settings, and file permissions

File Management

-Organises files into folders and controls creation, deletion, naming, and access.

-Manages storage devices and file formats.

Utility Software

Utility programs are tools designed to maintain, protect, and improve system performance

Encryption Software

-Scrambles data to keep it secure from unauthorised access.

-Encrypted data can only be read with the correct key.

Defragmentation Software

-Reorganises files stored on a hard drive so they are stored together.

-Speeds up access times and improves performance on HDDs (not needed for SSDs).

Data Compression

-Reduces file size so they take up less storage and transfer faster.

-Common formats include ZIP and RAR.

Backup Software

-Makes copies of important files to protect against data loss.

-Can be full (everything) or incremental (only changed files).

Antivirus and Anti-Malware

-Detects, removes, and protects against viruses and malicious software.

-Often runs in the background to provide real-time protection.

System Clean-up Tools

-Removes unnecessary files (e.g., temporary files, cache).

-Frees up disk space and can improve system performance.

Why Systems Software Matters?

-Without systems software, hardware would be unusable, and application software couldn't function.

-It ensures smooth, efficient, and secure operation of the entire computer system.