QUIZ 3 BIO80

Stomata

an opening that can open or close depending on environmental conditions and allows CO2 to enter and O2 to exit

Guard Cells

control the opening and closing of stomata to help the cell not lose too much water

Root Hairs

take in water and minerals

Xylem

transports water, minerals, and hormones from the root to the leaves and is composed of tracheids

Phloem

transports water, sugar, and other molecules up and down and side to side and is composed of sieve tubes

Bark

protect the tree, insulate, fend off predators

Leaves

to carry out photosynthesis and facilitate the exchange of gasses

Anther

B

Calyx (sepals combined)

F

Corolla (petals)

H

Filament

A

Ovary

3

Pedicel

12

Pistil (carpal)

stigma + style + ovary

Receptacle

G

Stigma

C

Style

D

Monocots

One cotyledon, parallel venation, fibrous roots, multiples of 3

Dicots

Two cotyledon, netlike venation, taproot, multiples of 4 or 5

Basidiomycetes (fungi)

have gill-like structures where 4 spores are produced

Ascomycetes (sac fungi)

have cup-like structures that produce 8 spores

Asci

A; sac-shaped cells/sporangium containing ascospores - haploid sexual spores produced by meiosis; terminal hyphae

Basidia

club-shaped cells on gills that produce haploid sexual basidiospores in basidiomycetes; found along of gills of basidiocarp

Gills

structure under mushroom caps that contain basidia, where spores are produced

Hyphae

long branches of fungal cells; release enzymes into soil or host organism or remains of organisms to break down organic matter; typically have 2 nuclei per cell, a condition known as being dikaryotic

Mycelia

interconnected hyphae and produces myocarp and maximizes surface area

Thallus

body of fungus

Conidiophores

produces conidia and is specialized hyphae

Asexual Reproduction in Fungi

fragmentation, budding, producing spores

Sexual Reproduction in Fungi

Plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis

Mutualism between plants and fungus

mycorrhiza

Mycorrhiza

fungal species that have mutualistic associations with plants

Endomycorrhizal fungi

go directly into the plant cells

Ectomycorrhizal fungi

form mantles around plant roots and sink their cells between extracellar spaces of plant

Crustose

Foliose

Fruticose

Lichen is made up by

cyanobacteria and algae

Choanocytes (collar cells)

feeding cells with long flagellum

Pinacocytes (porocytes)

cells that line the outside and give shape and form (pink things)

Amoebocytes

transfer nutrients between the other cells, will give rise to eggs (light blue in the picture)

Spongocoel

large central cavity of the sponge

Spicule Composition

Calcium carbonate or silica

Cnidocyte

stinging cell

Nematocysts

within cnidocytes that eject a stinging thread and wrap around the prey

Tentacles

grab food and put into mouth

Buds

idk

Polyps

Medusae

Porifera

sponges

Cnidaria

sea anemone, coral, jellyfish, cube jellies, hydrozoa

Ctenophora

comb jellies

Hydrozoa

polyp or medusae

Scyphozoa

jellyfish

Anthozoa

sea anemones and corals

Corals Class & Material

Cnidarians & calcium carbonate

Zygote

Morula

Blastula

Gastrula

What are the 3 germ layers?

Ectoderm (skin + brain), Endoderm (lungs + intestines), Mesoderm (muscles + heart + kidney + gonads)

Archenteron

Forms the pocket inside and gives rise to the digestive tract/intestinal system

Blastopore

Gives rise to the mouth and BUTTHOLE

Soredia

thallic fragments of fungal and algal cells for asexual reproduction in lichens

Plasmogamy

fusion of cytoplasm or two different cells

Karyogamy

fusion of 2 nuclei