A&P 1 Exam 2

Which of the following statements regarding healing that occurs after skin is damaged is/are TRUE?

stem cells migrate into the area
exaggerated meiosis occurs in the area
squamous cells deposit collagen fibers in the area.
all of these
none of these

stem cells migrate into the area

When a person undergoes laser hair removal which component of the hair follicle is destroyed to ensure the hat does not grow back?

hair cortex
dermal papilla
matrix of follicle
papilla & matrix
cortex & corneum

papilla & matrix

A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is

carotene

which of the following is/are responsible for minimizing water loss across the epidermis?

sebum
lipids from lamellar bodies
tight junctions
all of these
none of these

all of these

the epidermis.....

contains no blood vessels
is composed of the reticular and papillary layers
is composed of loose connective tissue
is thicker than the dermis
is made up mostly of melanocytes

contains no blood vessels

most house dust allergies are actually an immune response to which of the following?

dust mite feces

Refering to the image, the region labeled "A" best illustrates what part of the skin?

stratum corneum
epidermis
stratum basale
all of these
none of these

epidermis

the activity of apocrine sweat glands and subsequent bacterial metabolism.....

leads to body odor

a toenail that chronically becomes ingrown may be removed by a physician. what portion must be removed to ensure it will not grow back?

hyponychum
nail matrix
nail body
eponychum
nail bed

nail matrix

if the structure labeled B represents a clump of pigment cells with abnormal structure and uncontrolled growth it is most likely which type of cancer?

squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma
basal cell carcinoma
all of these
melanoma
none of these

melanoma

which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching and gives it strength (the "anchor rope" fibers)?

reticular fibers
melanin
elastic fibers
collagen fibers
none of these

collagen fibers

technically which of the following is/are NOT part of the skin?

hypodermis
deep fascia
skeletal muscle
all of these ARE part
all of these are NOT part

all of these are NOT part

this figure is best described as an

photomicrograph

eccrine sweat glands....

aid in cooling the body

which of the following statements regarding skin is/are true?

the number of melanocytes is essentially equal in people of any skin color
glands in the skin are multicellular
calculating burn are (%) for children requires a different allocation of percentages for certain (ex head)
all of these are true
none of these are true

all of these are true

which type of skin cancer is the most deadly?

melanoma

which of the following statements concerning hair structure is true?

the hair follicle extends into the hypodermis
both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells
undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium
all of these are true
none of these are true

undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium

which of the following are responsible for helping attach/anchor the epidermis?

hemidesmosomes
desmosomes
dermal papillae
all of these
none of these

all of these

baldness ......

is more common in men than in women

the top of Dr. Cossel's head is truly bald in the sense that there is absolutely no hair growing there

false

which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging?

the amount of collagen in the dermis increases
localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin
skin becomes thicker
there is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin
loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin

loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin

striae often occur in a particular orientation that indicates a predominance (more than random) of collagen fiber....

running parallel to tension lines

the layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount ot mitotic activity is the _____

stratum basale

what region of the "skin" is indicated by the region labeled "C"?

reticular dermis

the integumentary system has many functions one of which is

detection of heat and touch

which of the following statements regarding finger prints is false?

will regrow if "sanded off" but not severely enough to cause bleeding
they are strictly a feature of the epidermis
caused by ridges of dermal papillae
all of these
none of these

they are strictly a feature of the epidermis

which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light?

vitamin D

which of the following will help cool the body?

convection of warm air across the skin's surface
conductive heat transfer to the body
radiating infra red rays from the skin
all of these
none of these

radiating infra red rays from the skin

which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?

basale. spinosum. granulosum. lucidum. corneum

which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false?

vitamin D is important for calcium homeostasis
vitamin D is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth
vitamin D cause the kidney to excrete calcium
vitamin D begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light
vitamin D is necessary for the uptake of calcium from the intestine

vitamin D cause the kidney to excrete calcium

contrary to the pigments of a tattoo sharpie marker on a baby sister's skin is limited to

epidermis

which of the following functions is NOT associated with the skin?

protection against ultraviolet radiation of the skin
vitamin D production
vitamin C production
regulation of body temperature
pathogen barrier

vitamin C production

what happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin?

they die

the dermal layer closest to the epidermis is the _______

papillary layer

delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called ________ hairs

lanugo

the contraction of the arrector pili

pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin's surface

a victim of an automobile goes into shock which results in decreased blood flow. the victim's skin will

become pale

the structure labeled D illustrates what type of gland (secretions enter hair follicle)?

sebaceous gland

vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. if a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency which layer of skin would be most affected?

reticular layer of dermis

a sunburn that is sever enough to cause blisters is an example of a ______ burn

second degree

as skin cells move toward the surface of the body they produce a protein that reduces water loss. this process is called________

keratinization

what type of skin gland are primarily responsible for secreting earwax?

none of these
eccrine merocrine sweat gland
mucous gland
apocrine sweat gland
mammary gland

none of these

Eskimos/Inuits wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is...

they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals

A cutaneous injection (like a TB test) delivers medication/solution into the

dermis

One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances would most likely be the type of chemical involved?

lipid soluble substances

which term is synonymous with the cuticle of the nail?

eponychium

the portion of the nail that is still alive and undergoing small amounts of mitosis is/are

nail bed

which of the following would be the hair type resulting from the presence of trichosiderin and flattend hair shafts?

red curly hair

what percentage of a person's skin would be involved if they had burned from the waist up?

63%

which type of burn appears white or black with limited pain at the primary/center portion of the burn?

third degree

Leather is mostly made of the __________ layer of the dermis, which is very tough due to the high concentration of ____________ fibers.

areolar; collagen
papillary; keratin
basale; adipose
reticular; keratin
none of these

none of these

Which durable protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

keratin

which of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands is false?

secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin
sebaceous glands are example of apocrine glands
most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle
sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble
secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria

sebaceous glands are example of apocrine glands

which of the following will do the MOST to help cool the body?

contraction of the arrector pili muscles
evaporation of apocrine sweat glands from hair shafts
decreased blood flow to the skin
absorption of ultraviolet light rays by the skin
evaporation of merocrine/eccrine sweat from the skin's surface

evaporation of merocrine/eccrine sweat from the skin's surface

in which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed and visible microscopically?

stratum granulosum

which of the following statements is/are false regarding thin skin?

is found on the gripping surfaces of the hands, feet, and digits
it lacks hair follicles
it has significantly thinner dermal layer than thick skin
all of the are false

all of these are false

what was the primary type of heat transfer that caused Ace Ventura's rhino disguised to heat up?

radiative

damage to which portion of a hair follicle will most affect hair growth?

hair bulb/matrix

which of the following statements concerning the subcutaneous layer is false?

the subcutaneous layer attaches to underlying bone and muscle
the subcutaneous layer is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fiber
the main cell type of the subcutaneous layers are fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophagers
the subcutaneous layer is a site of lipid storage
the subcutaneous layer can also be referred to as the hypodermis

the subcutaneous layer is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fiber

nail cells are produced by the ____

nail matrix

what type of skin gland secretes sweat?

sudoriferous gland

Mr. Deed's "wicked-bad frost bite" could cause the black coloration of his foot because of...

gangrene

the main fibrous layer of the dermis with a greater density of collagen is the

reticular layer

what protein is the most abundant type found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

melanin
elastin
actin
carotene
none of these

none of these

which of the following would be the body's response to a decrease in body temperature?

arrector pili muscles to contract
decrease in sudoriferous gland activity
arterioles in the dermis to constrict
all of these
none of these

all of these

stretch marks may develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the

dermis

Blood vessels in the __________ provide a hair with its sole source of nutrition.

dermal papilla

Which items/substances in Ace Ventura's rhino disguise had the most heat (not necessarily temperature)?

air
fluid in the broken hose
metal door handle
Ace's body
all of these are equal

metal door handle

which of the following statements about the dermis is/are true?

it does not contain abundant connective tissue
it is divided into three distinct layers
it does not contain many blood vessels
it functions primarily as padding and insulation
none of these

none of these