Defining Globalization (copy)

Bauman (2003)

A scholar who emphasized the significance of globalization as one of the most important changes.

Al-Rhodan (2006)

Noted the diverse and sometimes conflicting perspectives on globalization, highlighting its broad impact on the economy, political systems, and culture.

Thomas Larsson (2001)

Described globalization as a process of the world becoming smaller, with distances shrinking and things moving closer.

Martin Khor (mid 1990’s)

Viewed globalization as a form of colonization, associated with regression, colonialism, and destabilization.

Ohmae (1992)

Defined globalization as the advent of a borderless world.

Robert Cox

Identified characteristics of globalization including internationalizing production, a new international division of labor, migratory movements, and the globalizing role of states.

Ritzer (2015)

Defined globalization as a transplanetary process involving increased liquidity and multidirectional flows of people, objects, places, and information.

Homogeneity

Refers to the increasing similarity in cultural practices, economic factors, and political orientations across societies due to globalization.

Heterogeneity

Involves the creation of diverse cultural practices, new economies, and political groups through interactions between different societies.

Cultural Imperialism

The influence of one dominant culture over others, leading to concerns about loss of cultural diversity.

Glocalization

The process where global forces interact with local factors, resulting in unique outcomes in specific geographical areas.

Jihad

Refers to political groups intensifying nationalism, leading to greater political diversity globally.

Diaspora

The movement of people around the world, often resulting in migrant communities and global expansion.

Vagabonds

Migrants who move due to unfavorable conditions in their home countries, hoping for better circumstances elsewhere.

Tourists

Migrants who move by choice and affordability, often for leisure or exploration.

Refugees

Vagabonds forced to flee their home countries due to safety concerns.

Asylum seekers

Refugees who seek to remain in the country to which they flee.

Labor Migrant

Those who migrate to find work.

Push Factors

Factors that drive labor migration, such as lack of employment opportunities.

Pull Factors

Factors that attract labor migrants, such as available work elsewhere.

Illegal Migration

Migration that occurs through unauthorized means.

Remittances

Money sent by migrants to their families in their home countries.

India ($24.5B), China ($21.1B), Philippines ($14.7B)

Countries with the highest flow of remittances