Chapter 5-6: Nomenclature and Chemical Reactions

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions from Chapters 5 and 6 on nomenclature and chemical reactions, essential for understanding naming conventions and reaction types.

What are binary compounds?

Compounds that contain 2 elements.

What constitutes a Type I binary ionic compound?

A binary ionic compound where the metal only forms one cation, such as metals from Groups 1, 2, and some in Group 13.

Give an example of a Type I binary ionic compound.

Sodium iodide (NaI) is an example of a Type I binary ionic compound.

How do you name Type II binary ionic compounds?

Use the element's name followed by a Roman numeral to indicate the charge of the cation.

What is the formula for Copper (II) oxide?

CuO is the formula for Copper (II) oxide.

What are oxidation states?

The different possible charges on an ion.

What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in most compounds?

+1 is the common oxidation state for hydrogen.

How are oxyanions named?

Oxyanions with more oxygen atoms use the suffix '-ate', whereas those with fewer use the suffix '-ite'.

What is a polyatomic ion?

An ion composed of two or more atoms that acts as a single unit.

What is the systematic name for Fe2+?

Iron(II) is the systematic name for Fe2+.

Identify the charge of the nitrate ion (NO3-).

The nitrate ion has a charge of -1.

What is the general rule for naming acids derived from oxyanions?

If the anion ends in '-ate', the acid ends in '-ic'; if the anion ends in '-ite', the acid ends in '-ous'.

What is produced when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid?

Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2) are produced.

What visible evidence indicates a chemical change?

Evidence includes color change, solid formation, gas release, temperature change, and flames.

Define the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions.

Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

What is the formula for the combustion of ethane (C2H6)?

The balanced equation is C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O.

How do you balance a chemical equation?

Ensure the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation by adjusting coefficients.

What type of reaction occurs when a solid reacts with a liquid to form a gas?

A gas-evolving reaction, often observed in acid-base reactions.

What is the oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphoric acid (H3PO4)?

The oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphoric acid is +5.

What happens to the oxidation states during a redox reaction?

Oxidation involves the loss of electrons, while reduction involves the gain of electrons.