english igsce mid term vocab

What is a sonnet?

A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme, often about love or deep themes.

Example: Shakespeare’s sonnets.

What does TP-CASTT stand for?

Title → Paraphrase → Connotation → Attitude → Shift → Title (again) → Theme

Why is the title important in TP-CASTT?

it gives insight into the poem’s meaning before and after reading.

What is paraphrasing a poem?

Restating the poem in your own words, line by line.

What is connotation?

The feelings, ideas, or emotions a word suggests beyond its literal meaning.

Example: “Home” → warmth, safety.

Attitude / Tone

The author’s or speaker’s feelings toward the subject.

What is a shift in a poem?

A change in tone, perspective, or mood in the poem.

Tip: Look for words like “but,” “however,” or “yet.”

Diction

The author’s choice of words and style of expression.

Characterization

How a character is described or developed in a story.

Tip: Can be direct (told by author) or indirect (shown through actions, dialogue).

Perspective / Point of View

Who is telling the story and from what angle.

Example: First person (“I”), third person (“he/she”), or third person omniscient.

irony

When there’s a difference between expectation and reality.

Types:

• Verbal: Saying the opposite of what you mean.

• Situational: Opposite of what’s expected happens.

• Dramatic: Audience knows something characters don’t.